For some reason they all have their executable bits set. Presumably this
is because they were made on an NTFS system where every file is
executable (which doesn't sound secure at all but that's another story).
This allows translators to test all text boxes in the scripts. It
doesn't run the scripts themselves - it only shows the basic appearance
of each text box individually, so context may be lost but it's good to
have a way to see any text boxes that might otherwise not be easily
seen because they require specific circumstances to appear.
Did another complete proofread of all the non-roomnames (hadn't looked
through *everything* in a while), and it's just three little things
that I felt would be important enough to tweak.
The strings "Vitellary"/"Vermilion"/"Verdigris"/"Victoria" now have two
cases to support changing them for the intermission replay menu options
(like "with Vitellary").
Also, the string "< and > keys change tool" is now "{button1} and
{button2} keys change tool", so it can be changed dynamically without
having to retranslate the string.
I wanted to not complicate the system with different string cases (like
cgettext) if possible, and I have been able to keep the main strings a
simple English=Translation mapping thus far, but apparently strings
like "Rescued!" (which are one string in English), have to be
translated for the correct gender in some languages. So this was a good
time to add support for string cases anyway.
It's a number that can be given to a string to specify the specific
case it's used, to disambiguate identical English keys. In the case of
"Rescued!" and "Missing...", male versions of the string are case 1,
female versions are case 2, and Viridian being missing is case 3. Of
course, if a language doesn't need to use different variants, it can
simply fill in the same string for the different cases.
If any other string needs to switch to different cases: distinguish
them in the English strings.xml with the case="N" attribute (N=1 and
higher), sync language files from the translator menu (existing
translations for the uncased string will simply be copied to all cases)
and change loc::gettext("...") to loc::gettext_case("...", 1),
loc::gettext_case("...", 2), etc.
With a single README.txt for both translators and maintainers, both
have to read through info that's not relevant for them, because
translators don't need to worry about the specifics of adding new
English strings and recompiling the game, and programmers don't need to
worry about the specifics of how to translate things. Now it's split
into README-translators.txt and README-programmers.txt.
I would, of course, recommend translators to translate the roomnames
while playing the full game (optionally in invincibility) so they can
immediately get all the context and maybe the most inspiration. And if
you want to go back into a specific level, then there's always the time
trials and intermission replays which will give you full coverage of
all the room names.
However, the time trials weren't really made for room name translation.
They have some annoying features like the instant restart when you
press ENTER at the wrong time, they remove context clues like
teleporters and companions, but the worst problem is that the last room
in a level is often completely untranslatable inside the time trials
because you immediately get sent to the results screen...
So, I added a new menu in the translator options, "explore game", which
gives you access to all the time trials and the two intermissions, from
the same menu. All these time trials (which they're still based off of,
under the hood) are stripped of the annoying features that come with
time trials. These are the changes I made to time trial behavior in
translator exploring mode:
- No 3-2-1-Go! countdown
- No on-screen time/death/shiny/par
- ENTER doesn't restart, and the map menu works. The entire map is also
revealed.
- Prize for the Reckless is in its normal form
- The teleporters in Entanglement Generator, Wheeler's Wormhole and
Level Complete are restored as context for room names (actually, we
should probably restore them in time trials anyway? Their "press to
teleport" prompt is already blocked out in time trials and they do
nothing other than being a checkpoint. I guess the reason they were
removed was to stop people from opening the teleporter menu when that
was not specifically blocked out in time trials yet.)
- The companions are there at the end of levels, and behave like in no
death mode (become happy and follow you to the teleporter). Also for
context.
- At the end of each level, you're not suddenly sent to the menu, but
you can use the teleporter at your leisure just like in the
intermission replays. In the Final Level, you do get sent to the menu
automatically, but after a longer delay.
I made another mark on VVVVVV: don't be startled, I added gamestates.
I wanted all teleporters at the end of levels to behave like the ones
at the end of the intermission replays, and all handling for
teleporting with specific companions is already done in gamestates, so
rather than adding conditional blocks across 5 or so different
gamestates, it made more sense to make a single gamestate for
"teleporting in translator exploring mode" (3090). I also added an
alternative to having to use gamestate 3500 or 82 for the end of the
final level: 3091-3092.
One other thing I want to add to the "explore game" menu: a per-level
count of how many room names are left to translate. That shouldn't be
too difficult, and I'm planning that for the next commit.
This is a single block of code so it was easy to split from the
foundation commit.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
This involves loc::gettext_roomname and loc::gettext_roomname_special.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
This mainly adds loc::gettext calls and replaces SDL_snprintf by
VFormat for the percentage.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
This replaces SDL_snprintf by VFormat for the time strings, and makes
number_words get translated numbers.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
This mainly adds loc::gettext calls for all the menu titles and
explanations. It also redesigns the time trial screen.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
This mainly adds loc::gettext calls for menu option labels.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
setLevelDirError was changed from snprintf-style to VFormat, but it's
only used in that file so...
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
This adds loc::gettext for all "Press {button} to explode" and friends,
and also changes the interact_prompt function in Render.cpp to expect
{button} instead of %s.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
The affected functions are:
- editormenuactionpress
- editorinput
- editorclass::switch_tileset
- editorclass::switch_tilecol
- editorclass::switch_enemy
- editorclass::switch_warpdir
This mainly adds loc::gettext calls.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
This commit adds most of the code changes necessary for making the game
translatable, but does not yet "unhardcode" nearly all of the strings
(except in a few cases where it was hard to separate added
loc::gettexts from foundational code changes, or all the localization-
related menus which were also added by this commit.)
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
This is needed for the limits check in the translator menu.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
This just adds booleans roomname_special to the level classes in
preparation for the localization system to use them.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
A relevant paragraph copied from the original commit history:
The idea is that we store all strings somewhere managed, and then the
hashmap only needs pointers to those strings. For storing strings, I
created a `Textbook` structure, which consists of one or more 50 KB
"pages" (allocated as needed) on which you can simply write strings in
both languages back-to-back with `textbook_store(textbook, text)` and
get pointers to each of them. (I was originally going to just use one
big buffer and realloc to double the size when filled up, but then the
hashmap would be full of dangling pointers...) When needed, like when
switching to a different language, an entire textbook can be freed at
once.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
This has a lot of characters that different languages need.
This commit is part of rewritten history of the localization branch.
The original (unsquashed) commit history can be found here:
https://github.com/Dav999-v/VVVVVV/tree/localization-orig
I think this is because if you both check that __has_builtin is defined
and use it in the same 'if' preprocessor statement, it can error because
there's no equivalent to short-circuiting in preprocessor statements.
_SDL_HAS_BUILTIN should be safer.
This creates the game over screen for dying in No Death Mode. It's three
lines long and it's only called once. There's no reason it has to be a
separate function. From the name it sounds like it was meant to be a
generic function but it's anything but that. So just inline it in to
where it's called.
This fixes a bug where players could flip in mid-air at the start of
custom levels whose start points were in mid-air, because
onground/onroof were not being reset. This could also be done when
loading in to a save with a checkpoint in mid-air. All that's required
is to exit the game while standing on a surface (or otherwise having a
nonzero onground/onroof).
This reminded me that there were other variables on the player entity
persisting through that made loading in to a level not have a totally
clean slate, such as walkingframe (which could affect sequencing
individual TASes together into one TAS), so it's better to just destroy
the player entity and recreate it.
Except some attributes still have to be persisted for 2.2 and 2.0
glitchrunner mode. But it's better that this is done via a whitelist
rather than a blacklist.
The player duplicate removal code in hardreset is mostly redundant now
(except for some very unlikely corner cases), but there's nothing wrong
with having redundant code as long as it's not harmful. I had a
paragraph here justifying why it could be removed but decided it was
simpler to just keep it.
This print is useful to know if an achievement (one that's not already
unlocked) would actually be unlocked in an end user environment, while
running the game in a dev environment.
Also fixed up the style of the function because it was definitely
inconsistent with the surrounding code.
This overhauls scriptclass::gamemode massively.
The first change is that it now uses an enum, and enforces using that
enum via using its type instead of an int. This is because whenever
you're reading any calls to startgamemode, you have no idea what magic
number actually corresponds to what unless you read startgamemode
itself. And when you do read it, not every case is commented adequately,
so you'd have to do more work to figure out what each case is. With the
enum, it's obvious and self-evident, and that also removes the need for
all the comments in the function too. Some math is still done on mode
variables (to simplify time trial code), but it's okay, we can just cast
between int and the enum as needed.
The second is that common code is now de-duplicated. There was a lot of
code that every case does, such as calling hardreset, setting Flip Mode,
resetting the player, calling gotoroom and so on.
Now some code may be duplicated between cases, so I've tried to group up
similar cases where possible (most notable example is grouping up the
main game and No Death Mode cases together). But some code still might
be duplicated in the end. Which is okay - I could've tried to
de-duplicate it further but that just results in logic relevant to a
specific case that's located far from the actual case itself. It's much
better to leave things like setting fademode or loading scripts in the
case itself.
This also fixes a bug since 2.3 where playing No Death Mode (and never
opening and closing the options menu) and beating it would also give you
the Flip Mode trophy, since turning on the flag to invalidate Flip Mode
in startgamemode only happened for the main game cases and in previous
versions the game relied upon this flag being set when using a
teleporter for some reason (which I removed in 2.3). Now instead of
specifying it per case, I just do a !map.custommode check instead so it
covers every single case at once.
While refactoring scriptclass::startgamemode, I noticed that these
variables weren't being reset. Fortunately, this doesn't seem to have
affected anything because they get overwritten one way or another in
startgamemode. But it's good just to be defensive and reset them anyway.
They are not reset in 2.2 or 2.0 glitchrunner mode because dying during
exiting to the menu is needed for credits warp, and that means the
checkpoint position needs to be maintained through.
This is to indicate when a code path is absolutely, for certain, 100%
unreachable. Useful as the default case inside a case-switch that is for
sure 100% exhaustive because it's inside the case of another case-switch
(and the default case is there to suppress compiler warnings about the
case-switch not being exhaustive), which is a situation coming up in my
scriptclass::startgamemode refactor.
It does this by deliberately invoking undefined behavior, either using a
compiler builtin that does the same thing or being a noreturn function
that returns. (And undefined behavior is not undefined behavior if it is
not executed in a code path, otherwise all NULL checks would be useless
because it'd dereference something that could be NULL in another code
path.)
I have no idea why they were floats in the first place. They are
coordinates, and coordinates are integer positions in this game. They
get converted to float only to be explicitly `static_cast`ed back to
ints in `testwallsy`.
This variable passes along the rule of the entity, which is an int. No
idea why it was converted to a float. Thankfully this is only used for
an unused block type, so it doesn't really matter.
This makes it so room names are no longer pointers to someone else's
memory, and instead to set them you use `mapclass::setroomname`. If the
string is short enough to fit in a static, no-alloc buffer, then it gets
copied there. Otherwise, a new heap allocation is made that duplicates
the string, and the new pointer is used instead.
This makes it possible for room names to contain arbitrary data whose
origin is temporary (e.g. from a script command that could be added in
the future).
This replaces all calls to SDL_free with a new macro, VVV_free, that
nulls the pointer afterwards. This mitigates any use-after-frees and
also completely eliminates double-frees. The same is done for any
function to free specific objects such as SDL_FreeSurface, with the
VVV_freefunc macro.
No exceptions for any of these calls, even if the pointer is discarded
or zeroed afterwards anyway. Better safe than sorry.
This is a macro rather than a function that takes in a
pointer-to-pointer because such a function would have type issues that
require casting and that's just not safe.
Even though SDL_free and other SDL functions already check for NULL, the
macro has a NULL check for other functions that don't. For example,
FAudioVoice_DestroyVoice does not check for NULL.
FILESYSTEM_freeMemory has been axed in favor of VVV_free because it
functionally does the same thing except for `unsigned char*` only.
Trinket and teleporter legends would be drawn even if they were out of
bounds. Trinket legends in particular were easy to do because you can
just place a trinket in a custom level and resize the map to not include
the room of the trinket.
Now, there are checks added so they won't be added if they are out of
bounds. This is in line with the fact that, since 2.3, if a trinket
exists outside of the map in custom levels, it won't count towards the
number of trinkets.
It's becoming pretty clear that the size of the map is important enough
to be queried a lot, but each time it's something like `map.custommode ?
map.customwidth : 20` and `map.custommode ? map.customheight : 20` which
is not ideal because of copy-pasting.
Furthermore, even `map.customwidth` and `map.customheight` are just
duplicates of `cl.mapwidth` and `cl.mapheight`, which are only set in
`customlevelclass::generatecustomminimap`. This is a bit annoying if you
want to, say, add checks that depend on the width and height of the
custom map in `mapclass::initcustommapdata`, but `map.customwidth` and
`map.customheight` are out of date because `generatecustomminimap`
hasn't been called yet. And doing the ternary there requires a `#ifndef
NO_CUSTOM_LEVELS` to reference `cl.mapwidth` and `cl.mapheight` which is
just awful.
So I'm axing `map.customwidth` and `map.customheight`, and I'm axing all
the ternaries that are duplicating the source of truth in
`MapRenderData`. Instead, there will just be one function to call for
the width and height, `mapclass::getwidth` and `mapclass::getheight`,
and everyone can simply call those without needing to do ternaries or
duplication.
The existing code was allergic to putting spaces between tokens, and had
some minor code duplication that I took the time to clean up as well.
The logic should be easier to follow now that the for-loops are no
longer duplicated for each of the map zoom levels.
I tested this by temporarily disabling map fog entirely and going
through a couple different custom levels to compare their minimap with
the existing code. These were A New Dimension and 333333 for 1x, Golden
Spiral and VVVV 4k for 2x, and VVVVVV is NP-Hard for 4x. There was no
difference in the output, not even a single pixel.
This adds color support to the output of the console on Windows. Now if
you're using Windows 10 build 1511 or later (I think it's build 1511
anyway; they added more VT sequence support in later versions), you will
see colors by default. This isn't due to Windows helping in any way;
this commit has to specifically enable it with SetConsoleMode() because
by default, Windows won't enable color support unless we enable it. (Or
if it's enabled in the registry, but having to go through the registry
to enable basic shit like that is completely fucking stupid.)
I tested this in my Windows 10 virtual machine and it's completely
working.
Previously, we were using `color_enabled` to mean both that the color
was supported and that it was enabled by the user (which it is enabled
by default). But this logic doesn't work well if the color check
function is called again and ends up enabling color after the user
disabled it. To fix this, just separate the two so the user controls one
`color_supported` variable and the `color_enabled` variable is separate.
Check both of them in order to print color, of course.
This adds the `-console` command-line option (for Win32 only) so the
game can spawn an attached console window which will contain all console
output.
This is to make it easier for people to debug on Windows systems.
Otherwise, the only way to get console output would be to either compile
the application as a console app (i.e. switch the subsystem to console)
- which is undesirable for regular users as this makes it so a console
is always spawned even when unwanted - or launch the game with shell
arguments that make it so output is redirected to a file.
As a result, color checking support is factored out of vlog_init() into
its own function, even though we don't support colors on Windows.
Using SDL_GetTicks() to seed the Gravitron RNG caused many
reproducibility issues while syncing https://tasvideos.org/7575S . To
fix this, add a frame counter, which is a number that is incremented
every frame and never resets, and use it instead.
If someone needs to switch back to SDL_GetTicks() for old TASes, then
provide the -seed-use-sdl-getticks command-line option for them.
In its previous location, it would only print the value of `s` after it
had been mutated by `splitmix32` four times, and it doesn't get used
after that, so the print isn't very useful.
Mixing code and declarations here is fine because starting from a few
months ago, we compile with C99 and if we ever need to compile with C90
then it's trivial to add braces surrounding the declarations.
If a music track has a loop comment with a negative value, ignore all
comments of the track. This is just to prevent any weirdness from
happening as it's safer to just let the track loop improperly. Also log
to the console to let users know.
This is the same thing that SDL_mixer does now:
libsdl-org/SDL_mixer@e819489459
This commit happened as a result of discussion on the VVVVVV Discord
server about SDL_mixer 2.0.4 behavior with weird loop comment values
(e.g. octal input with leading zeroes). This is simply updating the code
to be in line with what newer versions of SDL_mixer do.
Just in case it happens. Comments aren't really important to the game
(at worst a track will just loop in the wrong place) so it's fine to
carry on here and ignore all comments if this happens.
This does the following:
- Const-qualify variables if they are not modified
- Place each statement onto their own separate lines
- Place the asterisk with the type instead of the variable name
- Combine declarations and initializations where possible
VVVVVV uses submodules now, so you need to know how to initialize them.
I'm explicitly not including `git clone --recurse-submodules`. Usage of
submodules in git projects is kinda rare in my experience, so people
are used to doing simple clones, and that instruction would just result
in people being annoyed thinking they have to delete the repo they
already cloned, and clone it again except slightly differently.
It also doesn't help you if you need submodules that aren't in the
master branch (for example, if you clone my fork recursively and then
checkout the localization branch, you won't have C-HashMap and you'll
need the update command anyway). And you also need it whenever VVVVVV
updates its submodules. So teaching people just the update command is
better.
They weren't ever being used, and nobody really ever uses the return
value from the printf family of functions anyway. They return how many
bytes were actually printed, but if it's less than you expected then
there's not much you can really do about them. Also the vlog_* functions
were computing them inaccurately because I only set the return value to
the return value of vprintf when there's other print functions being
called, but regardless there's no reason to have a return value here
anyway.
The hilariously-named WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN slims down the number of
header files included in the already-massive `windows.h`. I know people
say Moore's law and precompiled headers and all that (well, we don't use
precompiled headers), but they kinda forgot about virtual machines, and
there's no reason not to define this and slim down the number of headers
anyway.
This started when I saw the warning that GetVersionExW was deprecated,
then looked it up and found StackOverflow answers saying that you should
basically detect the feature directly instead of checking the version,
which makes sense to me. Then I found that I could probably detect color
support by using GetConsoleMode and GetStdHandle. But then I asked
myself what the point was unless you could get color output directly in
the terminal, which it seems like you really can't if your app is a GUI
app. (I have no idea why Windows makes this pointless distinction
between console and GUI apps...)
I tested Command Prompt, PowerShell, Windows Terminal (which is just
PowerShell again), and even Git Bash (MINGW64), but none of them will
ever give the console output of a GUI app such as VVVVVV. The closest I
got is that Git Bash doesn't seem to detach the process, but it will
simply produce no output.
At this point I feel like it's not worth it keeping this code around if
it didn't even work in the first place, so I'm removing it. People can
always enable color by using the -forcecolor command-line argument
anyway.
I'm fine with putting the release version in a header file, thus
necessitating the need to recompile every file that includes it if it's
changed, simply because it's not supposed to be changed that often.
The SDL_arraysize is necessary because sometimes we'll have subreleases
(e.g. 2.4.1, 2.4.2, 2.4.3), and who knows, maybe we'll get to 2.10
someday.
This reworks how the commit hash and date are compiled so that if
they're changed (and they're changed often), only one source file needs
to be recompiled in order to update it everywhere in the game, no matter
how many source files use the hash or date.
The commit hash and date are now declared in InterimVersion.h (and they
need `extern "C"` guards because otherwise it results in a link fail on
MSVC because MSVC is stupid).
To do this, what now happens is that upon every rebuild,
InterimVersion.in.c is processed to create InterimVersion.out.c, then
InterimVersion.out.c is compiled into its own static library that is
then linked with VVVVVV.
(Why didn't I just simply add it to the list of VVVVVV source files?
Well, doing it _now_ does nothing because at that point the horse is
already out of the barn, and the VVVVVV executable has already been
declared, so I can't modify its sources. And I can't do it before
either, because we depend on the VVVVVV executable existing to do the
interim version logic. I could probably work around this by cleverly
moving around lines, but that'd separate related logic from each other.)
And yes, the naming convention has changed. Not only did I rename
Version to InterimVersion (to clearly differentiate it from
ReleaseVersion, which I'll be adding later), I also named the files
InterimVersion.in.c and InterimVersion.out.c instead of
InterimVersion.c.in and InterimVersion.c.out. I needed to put the file
extension on the end because otherwise CMake wouldn't recognize what
kind of language it is, and I mean like yeah duh of course it doesn't,
my text editor doesn't recognize it either.
I thought all of these were removed earlier but apparently not. Anyways,
add_definitions is bad because it pollutes the definitions of every
single target, we should be using target_compile_definitions instead.
This updates all references to SDL 2.0.22 to SDL 2.24.0, including the
Docker container that I maintain for Linux CI.
Be warned, this release of SDL updates the versioning scheme to be less
dumb. The previous version is 2.0.22, this release is 2.24.0 (so the
last number can be properly used for patch-level version releases).
This option is enabled by default and will replace absolute paths of all
source directory file paths with relative paths in the compiled binary,
if the compiler supports it. Of course, this isn't needed if you compile
with all paths removed anyways (e.g. in Release mode).
The purpose is to help make builds reproducible and to remove any
potentially sensitive information about the user or the user's system
from the compiled binary.
Both Clang and GCC support -fdebug-prefix-map, -fmacro-prefix-map, and
-ffile-prefix-map. In particular, -ffile-prefix-map is just a flag that
does both -fdebug-prefix-map and -fmacro-prefix-map.
According to https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/build-path/ ,
-fdebug-prefix-map is available in all GCC versions but only available
starting from Clang 3.8, and -fmacro-prefix-map and -ffile-prefix-map
are available since GCC 8 and Clang 10. So we check the compiler version
and use the available flags depending on if the compiler supports it or
not.
This does make debugging a bit more annoying, but there are a couple
ways to rectify this. Either disable it with
-DREMOVE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS=OFF, or add a `.gdbinit` that consists of
set substitute-path . ../..
so that `.` is considered to be `../..`. Of course, if you need to,
replace `../..` with the actual source directory path (in my case it's
`../../..` because I place my build folders in another subdirectory to
have multiple build folders in one directory).
This doesn't need to be a global `.gdbinit`, it can be in a
directory-specific `.gdbinit` (similar to how `.gitignore`s can also be
directory-specific). But then you need to add `add-auto-load-safe-path`
to your `.gdbinit` to load any directory-specific `.gdbinit`s.
The above is for GDB; I don't know what (if anything) needs to be done
for LLDB; I don't use LLDB.
Fixes#889.
Whereas all `SDL_assert`s will go away when compiling with optimization
flags and all plain `assert` calls (used in PhysFS) will go away when
compiling in Release mode, FAudio has a bunch of debug stuff that needs
to be explicitly disabled with its own `FAUDIO`-prefixed flag.
To do this in Release mode, we need to use generator expressions for
dumb CMake reasons. Basically, if checking the CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE variable
will not work for certain generators (Ninja, Visual Studio) because they
only specify the build type at build time, not generation/configuration
time.
This is so flags that apply globally (i.e. to the game and all static
libraries it's compiled with), such as /MT on MSVC, can be put in a
list, and along with putting all static libraries in a list, we remove
the need for each flag to be repeated for each static library and we can
just use a foreach loop instead.
(Global compile flags of course don't apply to us meddling with
CMAKE_C_FLAGS and CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS directly, because we need to do that
in order to make sure the C and C++ standards are set properly.)
This fixes a regression where the game ignored the amount of frames you
held down a direction if you released the direction during death.
Previously, the game only checked the amount of frames you held down a
direction if you were able to control the player. If you weren't able to
control the player (e.g. during the death animation), then the number of
frames it counted didn't change. This also meant that if you were
holding a direction before you died, but released it during death, the
game wouldn't zero out the number of frames you held it.
This behavior was useful because it meant you could keep the
deceleration momentum that you normally get by holding a direction for 5
frames just by holding a direction for less than 5 frames after dying,
if you had the rest of the hold frames before you died. This behavior is
what's used in https://tasvideos.org/7575S at around frame 7200.
Unfortunately, #609 made it so that the direction hold processing
happened even if the player didn't have control, meaning that it would
zero the hold frames during the death animation in the TAS, thus
desyncing it when it performed the maneuver it relied on the extra
momentum for after Viridian respawns.
The solution here is to just add the check back in again.
Fixes#887.
While fixing #885, I noticed that I had a bunch of
`special/stdin.vvvvvv` entries saved in my `levelstats.vvv`. At once I
knew that the dumb `special/stdin` hack that actually checks if the
filename passed is `special/stdin` was to blame.
STDIN playtesting was first merged, I knew in the back of my mind that
it was a bit of a dumb hack, but I didn't know it would cause
consequences like showing up in `levelstats.vvv`. For now, I'll just
have to patch it, but hopefully in the future I'll remove the dumb hack
entirely. Commenting both instances of the dumb hack with instructions
to grep for it should help maintainers out.
This is useful to investigate any TAS desync/reproducibility issues
relating to RNG, because even though I specifically separated the
Gravitron RNG away from other RNG and made it not dependent on the
system libc rand() function, there's still apparently some differences
in RNG execution between systems, resulting in TASVideos submission 7575
( https://tasvideos.org/7575S ) not syncing for everyone except the
author.
It seems that SDL_GetTicks(), which is used to seed the xoshiro RNG, is
not reliably consistent between systems, so in the future I will
probably replace it with a counter that is incremented each frame
starting from game startup, which is probably better.
This fixes the following warnings:
desktop_version/src/Music.cpp: At global scope:
desktop_version/src/Music.cpp:240:23: warning: non-static data member initializers only available with ‘-std=c++11’ or ‘-std=gnu++11’ [-Wc++11-extensions]
240 | Uint8 *wav_buffer = NULL;
| ^
desktop_version/src/Music.cpp:414:32: warning: non-static data member initializers only available with ‘-std=c++11’ or ‘-std=gnu++11’ [-Wc++11-extensions]
414 | Uint8* decoded_buf_playing = NULL;
| ^
desktop_version/src/Music.cpp:415:32: warning: non-static data member initializers only available with ‘-std=c++11’ or ‘-std=gnu++11’ [-Wc++11-extensions]
415 | Uint8* decoded_buf_reserve = NULL;
| ^
desktop_version/src/Music.cpp:416:21: warning: non-static data member initializers only available with ‘-std=c++11’ or ‘-std=gnu++11’ [-Wc++11-extensions]
416 | Uint8* read_buf = NULL;
| ^
These warnings are because the non-static data members (i.e. data
members that will be different for each instance of a class) are being
initialized at the same time as they're being declared, which means
that's what their value will be when the class instance is initialized.
However, this is only a C++11 feature, and we don't use C++11. Luckily,
we don't need to do this, and this is in fact redundant because we
already zero out the class instance in its constructor using
SDL_zerop(). Therefore, we should remove these initializers to fix
compliance with C++03.
Instead, for any number that isn't in the list of number words, just
return the regular Arabic numerical representation (i.e. just convert it
to string). It's better than having "Lots" or "???", neither of which
really tell you what the number actually is.
This flag makes it so the MSVC runtime libraries are statically linked.
This avoids needing Windows users to have these libraries installed.
Apparently /MT stands for "MultiThreaded", and there's a bit of a
history there where originally by default you could only have a
single-threaded library, and then the multi-threaded flags were added in
later.
First I tried doing target_compile_options on VVVVVV, but then got a
linker error. Then I tried doing add_compile_options because I figured
/MT had to be applied everywhere, and it seemed to work, but it still
linked to the runtime libraries. Apparently it was being overridden.
Then I tried target_compile_options again but this time did it to
everything, and that linked correctly and also removed the runtime
dependency. I would've tried using the MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY property
- along with the CMP0091 policy - but those were only introduced in
CMake 3.15.
You can verify that a binary is built without dependencies by installing
LLVM and running llvm-readobj --needed-libs path/to/binary. This is the
output for a binary with runtime dependencies:
infoteddy@fedorarune ~/d llvm-readobj --needed-libs VVVVVV.exe
File: VVVVVV.exe
Format: COFF-i386
Arch: i386
AddressSize: 32bit
NeededLibraries [
ADVAPI32.dll
KERNEL32.dll
MSVCP140.dll
SDL2.dll
SHELL32.dll
USER32.dll
VCRUNTIME140.dll
api-ms-win-crt-heap-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-locale-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-math-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-stdio-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-string-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-time-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-utility-l1-1-0.dll
]
And this is the output for a binary with those dependencies having been
statically-linked in:
infoteddy@fedorarune ~/d llvm-readobj --needed-libs VVVVVV.exe
File: VVVVVV.exe
Format: COFF-i386
Arch: i386
AddressSize: 32bit
NeededLibraries [
ADVAPI32.dll
KERNEL32.dll
SDL2.dll
SHELL32.dll
USER32.dll
]
As already described in cc61194bed, as
well as Ved's commits from the last almost two weeks, starting VVVVVV
from Ved for playtesting could be made a lot faster by "preloading" the
game - letting it do all its asset loading in the background without
creating a window - and then waiting until the level is passed in via
stdin. There's only one problem left with this approach: VVVVVV
currently expects the starting position to be passed via command line
arguments, which isn't known yet at the time we'd like to start VVVVVV.
Therefore, this commit allows passing the starting position via the
level XML, instead of via arguments.
The extra XML looks like this, and is added next to the <Data> tag:
<Playtest>
<playx>214</playx>
<playy>112</playy>
<playrx>100</playrx>
<playry>100</playry>
<playgc>0</playgc>
<playmusic>4</playmusic>
</Playtest>
This is handled similarly to how the equivalent arguments are handled:
when the level metadata is loaded for CLI playtesting, we also try to
find this tag, and if it exists, it sets the same variables that the
arguments would have otherwise set.
There's always been a bit of an inconsistency in the game where enabling
invincibility would make spikes so solid that enemies and moving
platforms would treat spikes as solid and bounces off of them.
This fixes that by adding an `invincible` parameter to collision
functions, so the functions will only treat spikes as solid if that
parameter is true, and the parameter passed will only be true if it's
called for an entity that is a humanoid and invincibility mode is
enabled.
Also, for clarity, `spikecollide` is renamed to `towerspikecollide`
because it's only used for tower spikes. And as a small optimization,
`checktowerspikes` returns early if invincibility mode is enabled.
This is a minor optimization to streamline the experience of Ved
playtesting. Previously, the user would have to wait for all the assets
to load when launching playtesting (most of the time, I suspect, is
taken up by loading music from a vvvvvvmusic blob). With this
optimization, however, the game can be launched in the background and
its assets can be loaded, while it blocks on STDIN input. During this
time, the user in Ved will be choosing where to start playtesting. After
Ved provides STDIN input, then the window will be created and appears
instantaneously.
This also fixes a related issue in which providing an invalid
playtesting level name would result in a brief window flash that gets
instantly destroyed. With this, if the level is invalid then no window
is ever shown at all.
Probably should have done this earlier in 2.3, but better late than
never.
This makes it easier for third-party programs like Ved to detect what
version of the game this is.
Slightly quick-n-dirty for now, I'll de-duplicate the version number
later, and add commit hash and date if applicable.
Without this, entering in-game and opening the map with missing graphics
will result in a segfault. This is because even if the image doesn't
exist, it's still pushed into the `images` std::vector as a NULL
pointer. And it segfaults because we dereference it (to get things like
their width and height). In contrast, passing them to SDL is fine
because SDL always checks for NULL first.
There are three different places where we call PHYSFS_openRead. This
commit makes sure all of them print a statement upon failure along with
the PhysFS reason for failure, and assigns the log level of each print
as so:
- FILESYSTEM_loadFileToMemory: Debug print (previously no
print existed in the first place), because some files (such as
font.txt) may or may not be needed, but if it isn't then no need to
print and worry the user. The game will error anyway if a critical
file like a graphics file is missing.
- FILESYSTEM_loadBinaryBlob: Debug print (previously info print),
because sometimes it's not needed, such as mmmmmm.vvv. I remember one
user being worried that the game printed "Unable to open file
mmmmmm.vvv" when it's not critical unlike vvvvvvmusic.vvv (and that
file is assumed to exist if data.zip exists anyways). Though maybe we
should move to loose-leaf files to save on memory usage (and so we
don't have to use special tools to modify a binary blob)...
- FILESYSTEM_loadZip: Error print. If we're calling this function, we
really do expect the zip to be loaded, and if it fails because we
can't open the file in the first place, then it would be good to know
why.
This commit adds a new string formatting system to replace uses of
`SDL_snprintf` and string concatenation.
Making our own string formatting system has been briefly discussed
during the review of the localization branch, and on the VVVVVV
Discord. It's inspired by Python's format strings, but simpler.
This is primarily to benefit localization - strings will be easier to
understand (`Now using %s Tileset` → `Now using {area} Tileset`,
`"%s remain"` → `"{n_crewmates|wordy} remain"`), translators can change
the word order for their language's grammar (`%1$s` is a POSIX
extension), and this system is also less error-prone (making the format
string not align with the actual arguments won't result in a crash or
UB).
It also integrates our needs better - particularly the "wordy" numbers
without having to have a `help.number_words(n).c_str()` at the
callsite, translators can opt in and out of wordy numbers per string,
and this should also make it easier to solve #859.
This commit adds the formatting system itself, and changes one
`SDL_snprintf` in the code to use it as a small demo (the rest should
probably be done in the localization branch to avoid more unneeded
work).
The system is described in full detail in VFormat.h and in the pull
request description.
2.0.22 just released 40 minutes ago.
This also updates the `Dockerfile` to use the URL from the GitHub
releases page, instead of SDL's servers.
I've also pushed a new Docker container to
`ghcr.io/infoteddy/vvvvvv-build`.
This removes the magic numbers previously used for controlling the fade
mode, which are really not readable at all unless you already know what
they mean.
0: FADE_NONE
1: FADE_FULLY_BLACK
2: FADE_START_FADEOUT
3: FADE_FADING_OUT
4: FADE_START_FADEIN
5: FADE_FADING_IN
There is also the macro FADEMODE_IS_FADING, which indicates when the
intention is to only check if the game is fading right now, which wasn't
clearly conveyed previously.
I also took the opportunity to clean up the style of any lines I
touched. This included rewriting if-else chains into case-switches,
turning one-liner if-then statements into proper blocks, fixing up
comments, and even commenting the `fademode == FADE_NONE` on the tower
spike checks (which, it was previously undocumented why that check was
there, but I think I know why it's there).
As for type safety, we already get some by transforming the variable
types into the enum. Assignment is prohibited without a cast. But,
apparently, comparison is perfectly legal and won't even give so much as
a warning. To work around this and make absolutely sure I made all
existing comparisons now use the enum, I temporarily changed it to be an
`enum class`, which is a C++11 feature that makes it so all comparisons
are illegal. Unfortunately, it scopes them in a namespace with the same
name as a class, so I had to temporarily define macros to make sure my
existing code worked. I also had to temporarily up the standard in
CMakeLists.txt to get it to compile. But after all that was done, I
found the rest of the places where a comparison to an integer was used,
and fixed them.
Previously, it was copy-pasted and slightly different, when really, they
ought to both be the exact same code.
It kind of pains me that the room name, glitch name, and hidden name
don't own their own memory, but, that's to be addressed later.
What's a bit annoying is that the `temp` variable used in
`teleporterrender` also ends up being reused later in the function. In
this case, I opted to just redeclare them when they are used anyway, to
make it clearer.
Apart from `teleporterrender` no longer calling `map.area` or caring
about `map.custommode`, it also no longer cares about
`graphics.fademode` being 0. I could never actually get this condition
to be false in practice, and I have absolutely no idea why it's there.
I'm guessing it could be some weird edge case rendering issue if the
screen is fully black? But I wouldn't know how to trigger that, and
anyway it should probably be fixed elsewhere. So I'm just going to
remove that conditional.
It's quite rare, though possible, that during finalstretch you could see
a glitchy tileset that looked like this:
https://i.imgur.com/V7cYKDW.png
This happened because final_mapcol, the variable that controls which
color of finalstretch is rendered, could end up being 7. Normally, it's
in the range of 1..6, which perfectly correlates with the Warp Zone
tilesets in tiles2.png, and the higher the number the farther back in
the tileset it goes from the gray Warp Zone tileset. However, if it's 7,
then it'll start grabbing tiles from the Ship plus some unused blank
tiles, which does not look pretty in the slightest.
This happened because it's possible, though exceedingly unlikely, that
fRandom(), a function which returns a float between 0..1, could return
exactly 1. fRandom() calls rand(), which returns a result between 0 and
RAND_MAX, and divides it by RAND_MAX. This value is implementation
dependent, but required to be at least 32767, and on most systems is
2147483647. Even taking the value of 32767, that means there's a 0.003%
chance that you could get this glitchy tileset when the game cycled the
color in finalstretch. But of course, playing the game for long periods
of time will eventually increase this chance - cycling the color 1,000
times (around 17 minutes of playing) will result in the chance being 3%.
Then as the calculations in the finalstretch color cycling logic calls
fRandom(), then multiplies by 6 and adds 1, it was possible for
fRandom() to return exactly 1, then have
6 added to it, resulting in final_mapcol being 7.
To fix this, just decrement the multiplication by fRandom() to multiply
by 5 instead of 6. Now the only possible numbers that calculation can
produce would be 1..6.
This fixes a limitation where the level filename had to be the exact
same name as the name of the zip, because the game used the name of the
level to identify the zip of which to load assets, and this also made it
impossible to use assets for more than one level in a zip.
Instead, we just look up where the level came from, so we can always
load its assets regardless of its filename.
Additionally, the zip structure checks can go away too, simplifying the
code further.
This WOULD be a huge breaking change, if it weren't for the fact that no
one uses them. Which is why I'm removing them, to simplify the code.
I asked on the VVVVVV Discord whether anyone used them or was even aware
of them and basically the answer was no. I go on Distractionware and no
one uses them. And why would they, when they'd have to distribute the
level .vvvvvv file separately? Better to just distribute everything in
one zip. And it's quite a bit obscure that you have to suffix the file
with .data.zip anyway.
During review of #869, I looked at this part of the codebase again. I
have no idea how or why, but during the course of 2.4 this whole area
just became a mess.
The issues I fixed (in no particular order):
- Copy-pasting the code that loads from the binary blobs
- Making sure SDL_RWFromConstMem is used over SDL_RWFromMem wherever
possible
- Adding checks to make sure the index from the binary blob is valid
(it's possible it could not exist)
- Adding checks to make sure we gracefully handle
SDL_RWFromConstMem/PHYSFSRWOPS_openRead returning NULL
- Moving the pointer asterisk to the type instead of the name :)
So, it turns out we weren't quite done fighting CMake yet...
To accommodate #869 (and actually also #272), the C standard was raised
from C90 to C99. This turned out to require a bit of a fight with the
CentOS CI's CMake version to get it to set the flags we wanted (and to
not overwrite them later). Eventually the fix was to move the block
that sets the standards to later in the file, which was done in
24353a54bb.
As it apparently turns out, if your CMake is at least 3.1.3 and
`CMAKE_<LANG>_STANDARD` is used instead of the workaround, the standard
setting now has an effect on the third party libraries, but not on
VVVVVV itself. The cause is (probably) the phrase "if it is set when a
target is created" in the CMake documentation - the
`CMAKE_<LANG>_STANDARD` values have to come before the VVVVVV target is
defined. In other words, the compiler's default C/C++ standard will be
used, probably something like C17 and C++17. As I can confirm with
`__cplusplus` and `__STDC_VERSION__` with my recent-enough CMake. If I
force the pre-3.1.3 workaround to be used, everything is compiled with
C99/C++98 as expected; and the `-fno-exceptions` `-fno-rtti` flags
appear everywhere regardless of version.
So my fix is to make the CMakeLists a little less complex by
simplifying away the `CMAKE_<LANG>_STANDARD` and
`CMAKE_<LANG>_EXTENSIONS`, and always using the workaround regardless
of CMake version. There's nothing wrong with the workaround, the same
thing is also done for `-fno-exceptions` `-fno-rtti`, and it's good to
have a less complicated CMakeLists that doesn't do different and
unexpected things for different versions.
The previous commit f6d7a214f8 ended up
breaking CI because the workaround ended up breaking the PhysFS build
too, which was previously relying on extensions to compile.
Since #869 is going to require C99 anyways, I might as well just up the
standard now. That way the PR won't have to fight it too.
Previously, if the user had a CMake version below 3.1.3, we told them to
set `-std` themselves.
However, we are going to go to C99 soon (because of FAudio, see #869),
and CentOS 7's CMake is too old to set `-std=` automatically, defaulting
to C90. This is bad because it fails the CI.
To work around this, we set `-std=` ourselves, but first we have to
clear any existing `-std=` flag in C_FLAGS or CXX_FLAGS. Amusingly
enough, MSVC does not have `/std:` switches for either C90 or C++98, so
we just get to do nothing.
This isn't necessary, but it does silence these annoying logs if you
pass an invalid argument or don't have data.zip:
[ERROR] Could not get window size: Invalid renderer
[WARN] Stats not loaded! Not writing unlock.vvv.
[ERROR] Could not get window size: Invalid renderer
[WARN] Settings not loaded! Not writing settings.vvv.
To do this, I've added FILESYSTEM_isInit().
This means we are no longer copy-pasting PhysFS source files directly.
Since the source files reside in a src/ subdirectory, the paths in the
CMakeLists.txt have to be adjusted.
We are no longer copy-pasting LodePNG source files directly.
As we can't rename lodepng.cpp to lodepng.c in the submodule itself, we
need to make a wrapper file, lodepng_wrapper.c, that #includes
lodepng.cpp, but gets compiled as C.
This prevents writing to unlock.vvv or settings.vvv if the game hasn't
made an attempt to load them yet. Otherwise, if the game aborted via
VVV_exit() because of, say, failure to parse a graphics file, it would
overwrite perfectly existing valid save data since it hasn't loaded it
yet.
Fixes#870.
Another cause of #870 is d0ffafe117, as a
bisect tells me. What that commit did is remove screenbuffer as a
pointer, since it's a statically-allocated object that _should_ always
exist, and it removed the `screenbuffer == NULL` guards in savestats()
and savesettings(). Unfortunately, those guards did something very
important - namely, they prevented writing to the save files when the
filesystem wasn't initialized. But that wasn't made clear, because it
seemed like the point of those guards was to prevent dereferencing NULL.
So instead, explicitly make it clear that
FILESYSTEM_saveTiXml2Document() needs to fail if the filesystem isn't
initialized. I've done this by adding an isInit bool to
FileSystemUtils.cpp.
Issue #870 showed one of the problems that this game has, namely that it
only sometimes checks SDL return values, and did not do so in this case.
Part of the cause of #870 is that Screen::GetWindowSize does not check
the return value of SDL_GetRendererOutputSize, so when that function
fails (as in the case where m_renderer is NULL and does not exist), it
does not initialize the out values, so it ends up writing uninitialized
values to the save files.
We need to make sure every function's return value is checked, not just
SDL functions, but that will have to be done later.
While reviewing #272, I noticed that the PR was passing these two
arguments through a helper function, even though they really shouldn't
ever change. To obviate the need to pass these through, I'm making them
global variables.
pathSep is just a string literal from PhysFS, while basePath is a whole
complicated calculation from SDL and needs to be freed. It will be freed
upon filesystem deinit (as is done with PhysFS and the STDIN buffer).
Additionally the logic in FILESYSTEM_init is simplified by no longer
needing to keep a retval variable or use gotos to free basePath in
there.
This lets any script name use capitals and spaces all they want, while
still being able to jump to them via iftrinkets() or similar.
The issue is that whenever tokenize() is ran, all spaces are stripped
and every argument is lowercased before being put into `words`. So, the
solution here is to create a raw_words array that doesn't perform space
stripping or lowercasing, and to refer to that whenever there's a script
command that loads a script. We keep the lowercasing and space removal
elsewhere to be more forgiving to newcomers.
This is technically a forwards compatibility break, but it's only a
minor one, and all levels that utilize it can still be easily modified
to work on older versions anyway.
As reported by Dav999, Victoria and Vermilion's trophy colors are
swapped again in 2.4. He points to
37b7615b71, the commit where I fixed the
color masks of every single surface to always be RGB or RGBA.
It sounded plausible to me, because it did have to do with colors, after
all. However, it didn't make sense to me, because I was like, I didn't
touch the trophy colors at all after I originally fixed them.
After I ruled out the RGBf() function as a confounder, I decided to see
whether intentionally reversing the color order in RGBf() to be BGR
would do anything, and to my surprise it actually swapped the colors
back around and it didn't actually look bad.
And then I realized: Swapping the trophy colors between RGB and BGR
ordering results in similar colors that still look good, but are simply
wrong, but not so wrong that they take on a color that no crewmate uses,
so it'd appear as if the crewmates were swapped, when in reality the
only thing that was swapped was actually the color order of the colors.
Trying to fix this by swapping the colors again, I actively confused
colors 33 and 35 (Vermilion and Victoria) with colors 32 and 34
(Vitellary and Viridian), so I was confused when Vermilion and Victoria
weren't swapping. Then as a debugging step, I only changed 34 to 32
without swapping 32 as well, and then finally noticed that I was
swapping Vitellary and Viridian, because there were now two Vitellarys.
And then I was reminded that Vitellary and Viridian were also wrongly
swapped since 2.0 as well.
And so then I finally realized: The original comments accompanying the
colors were correct after all. The only problem was that they were fed
into a function, RGBf(), that read the colors backwards, because the
codebase habitually changed the color order on a whim and it was really
hard to reason out which color order should be used at a given time, so
it ended up reading RGB colors as BGR, while it looked like it was
passing them through as-is.
So what happened was that in the first place, RGBf() was swapping RGB to
BGR. Then I came and swapped Vermilion and Victoria, and Vitellary and
Viridian around. Then later I fixed all the color masks, so RGBf()
stopped swapping RGB and BGR around. But then this ended up swapping the
colors of Vermilion and Victoria, and Vitellary and Viridian once again!
Therefore, swapping Vermilion and Victoria, and Vitellary and Viridian
was incorrect. Or at least, not the fix to the root cause. The root
cause would be to swap the colors in RGBf(), but this would be sort of
confusing to reason about - at least if I didn't bother to just type the
RGB values into an image editor. But that doesn't fix the real issue,
which is that the game kept swapping RGB and BGR around in every corner
of the codebase.
I further confirmed that there was no more RGB or BGR swapping by
deleting the plus-one-divide-by-three transformation in RGBf() and
seeing if the colors looked okay. Now with the colors being brighter, I
could see that passing it straight through looked fine, but
intentionally reversing it to be BGR resulted in colors that at a
distance looked okay, but were either washed out or too bright. At least
finally I could use my 8 years of playing this game for something.
So in conclusion, actually, 37b7615b71
("Fix surface color masks") was the real fix, and
d271907f8c ("Fix Secret Lab Time Trial
trophies having wrong colors") was the real regression. It's just that
the regression came first, but it wasn't really a regression until I did
the other fix, so the fix isn't the regression, the regression is...
this is hurting my brain. Or the real regression was the friends we made
along the way, or something like that.
This is the most trivial bug ever caused by the technical debt of those
god-awful reversed color masks.
---
This reverts commit d271907f8c.
Fixes#862.
In hindsight, the FAudio pointer will likely be in SoundTrack since we will
want to keep the mastering voice closer to the sounds and their source voice
arrays, while the MusicTrack will likely just be one source voice that gets
PCM from different streams.
This looks redundant but will actually help in the transition to FAudio; we
mostly want to keep the game logic the same while reimplementing the current
mixer, weirdness and all. Once that's done and confirmed to be stable and
consistent we can start cutting out the workarounds and quirks.
This meant making the track vectors static, but that's kind of what we do with musicclass anyway?
In any case, this will make the transition to FAudio MUCH less invasive.
This is quite simple. Just use a function pointer that switches out
which function we're going to use.
...Or not. C++ syntax makes this a bit awful since the function is a
member of a class. Did I mention how much I don't like C++?
Issue #849 suggested making integer be the default on Big Picture and
Steam Deck, but after thinking about it more, I think it's better and
more simple to just default to integer mode in general.
Reason being that people in Big Picture shouldn't expect the picture to
look different if they're out of Big Picture but still in fullscreen, or
have the picture look different in fullscreen depending on if they
launched the game for the first time in Big Picture or not. And besides,
the less lines of code, the better. So I'm just making integer mode the
default.
This enum is to just make each mode be readable, instead of mysterious
0/1/2 values. It's not a strictly-typed enum because we still have to
serialize it as ints in the XML, but it's better than just leaving them
as ints.
This also adds a NUM_SCALING_MODES enum, so we don't have to hardcode
that 3 when cycling scaling modes anymore.
This is mainly to make sure the game is definitely set to fullscreen in
Big Picture and on the Steam Deck, and to also remove windowed options
that wouldn't make sense if you're not on a desktop (toggling
fullscreen, resize to nearest). Those options would also be removed on
console and mobile too.
There's a bit of an annoying bug where if you launch the game in forced
fullscreen mode, but then exit and relaunch in normal mode, your game
will have fullscreen window sizes but it won't be fullscreen. This is
because forced fullscreen mode tries to preserve your non-forced
fullscreen setting, but due to the way window sizes are stored and
queried, it can't preserve the non-forced window size. This is a bit
difficult to work around, so I'm just putting in a FIXME here because we
can fix it later and I'd rather have a slightly buggy forced fullscreen
mode than not have one at all.
Closes#849.
Here's my notes on all the existing functions and what kind of time
formats they output:
- Game::giventimestring(int hrs, int min, int sec)
H:MM:SS
MM:SS
- Game::timestring()
// uses game.hours/minutes/seconds
H:MM:SS
MM:SS
- Game::partimestring()
// uses game.timetrialpar (seconds)
MM:SS
- Game::resulttimestring()
// uses game.timetrialresulttime (sec) + timetrialresultframes (1/30s)
MM:SS.CC
- Game::timetstring(int t)
// t = seconds
MM:SS
- Game::timestringcenti(char* buffer, const size_t buffer_size)
// uses game.hours/minutes/seconds/frames
H:MM:SS.CC
MM:SS.CC
- UtilityClass::timestring(int t)
// t = frames, 30 frames = 1 second
S:CC
M:SS:CC
This is kind of a mess, and there's a lot of functions that do the same
thing except using different variables. For localization, I also want
translators to be able to localize all these time formats - many
languages use the decimal comma instead of the decimal point (12:34,56)
maybe some languages really prefer something like 1時02分11秒44瞬...
Which I don't know to be correct, but it's good to be prepared for it
and not restrict translators arbitrarily to only changing ":" and "."
when we can start making the system better in the first place.
I added a new function, UtilityClass::format_time. This is the place
where all time formats come together, given the number of seconds and
optionally frames. I have simplified the above-mentioned functions
somewhat, but I haven't given them a complete refactor or renaming -
I mainly made sure that they all use the same backend so I can make the
formats consistent and properly localizable.
(And before we start shoving more temporary char buffers everywhere
just to get rid of the std::string's, maybe we need to think of a
globally used working buffer of size SCREEN_WIDTH_CHARS+1, as a
register of sorts, for when any line of text needs to be made or
processed, then printed, and then goes unused. Maybe help.textrow,
or something like that.)
As for this commit, the available time formats are now more consistent
and changed a little in some places. Leading zeroes for the first unit
are now no longer included, time trial results and the Super Gravitron
can now display hours when they went to 60 minutes before, and we now
always use .CC instead of :CC. These are the formats:
- H:MM:SS
- H:MM:SS.CC
- M:SS
- M:SS.CC
- S.CC (only used when always_minutes=false, for the Gravitrons)
Here's what changes to the current functions:
- Game::partimestring() is removed - it was used in two places, and
could be replaced by game.timetstring(game.timetrialpar)
- Game::giventimestring(h,m,s) and Game::timestring() are now wrappers
for the other functions
- The four remaining functions (Game::resulttimestring(),
Game::timetstring(t), Game::timestringcenti(buffer, buffer_size)
and UtilityClass::timestring(t)) are now wrappers for the "central
function", UtilityClass::format_time.
- UtilityClass::twodigits(int t) is now unused so it's also removed.
- I also added int UtilityClass::hms_to_seconds(int h, int m, int s)
This de-duplicates the code, simplifying the codebase and reducing the
number of code paths that needs to be maintained. It also adds
robustness checks to LoadIcon that weren't there before (checking that
loading the file succeeded and that decoding the file also succeeded).
Now, you might think that loading the image with alpha will change
things in some way. But actually, I tested it, and I'm pretty sure it
doesn't. Since my window manager, i3, doesn't display icons, I've had to
resort to this hacky multi-liner
( https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/48866 ) to dump the icon to a PAM
file. I don't know what a PAM file is and all my various attempts to
convert it into something readable failed. But what I did instead was
just grab the icon of the game before this commit (on 2.3, just to be
extra sure), and `diff`ed it with the grabbed icon now, and they end up
being the exact same file. So there's literally no difference.
The only other consideration is that LoadImage needs to be exported,
since it's implemented in GraphicsResources.cpp. I just opted to
forward-declare it right before LoadIcon in Screen.cpp, since it's
really the only other time it's used. No need to create a new header
file for it or anything.
This is just to simplify the function. I really don't see any point in
taking away the alpha for some images, other than to disappoint people
who mod the game assets. It just complicates loading the image with no
real gain. To reduce maintenance costs, let's remove this alternate code
path.
Also it's a default argument and I don't like default arguments.
This argument... doesn't do anything.
First off, setting it to true explicitly enables blending on the
resulting surface, which is kind of the exact opposite of the variable
name and is misleading to say the least? And secondly, SDL surfaces have
blending enabled by default anyways, so it still doesn't even do
anything.
It's also a default argument, and I'm not one to shy away from removing
such default arguments.
This includes:
- Removing the constructor in favor of actually being able to see that
there's an actual function called being made initializing the struct
- Removing the use of a reference in Screen::init() in favor of using a
pointer
- Adding the struct qualifier everywhere (it's not much typing),
although technically you could typedef it in C, but I'd rather much
not typedef just to remove a tag qualifier
I know earlier I removed the gameScreen extern in favor of using
screenbuffer, but that was only to be consistent. After further
consideration, I have found that it's actually really stupid.
There's no reason to be accessing it through screenbuffer, and it's
probably an artifact of 2.0-2.2 passing stack-allocated otherwise-global
classes everywhere through function arguments. Also, it leads to stupid
bugs where screenbuffer could potentially be NULL, which has already
resulted in various annoying crashes in the past. Although those could
be fixed by simply initializing screenbuffer at the very top of main(),
but, why not just scrap the whole thing anyway?
So that's what I'm doing.
As a nice side effect, I've removed the transitive include of Screen.h
from Graphics.h. This could've been done already since it only includes
it for the pointer anyway, but it's still good to do it now.
In aa7b63fa5f, I didn't notice that the
result was implicitly being converted to int by the min/max from before.
I instead added it to the existing char, but that resulted in a char
overflow (it's unsigned, so thankfully not undefined behavior).
But of course the entire point of that commit is to make it explicitly
clear when you are converting between types, intentionally or otherwise,
in min/max comparisons. So despite causing a regression (which I have
now fixed), at least it did its job.
It's been long overdue that this variable be named properly. 2.2 added
integer scaling mode (thanks Ethan), 2.3 renamed it to scaling mode. Now
2.4 will properly call it what it is so people won't be confused by it.
The ScreenSettings struct member is renamed from stretch to scalingMode
along with the Screen class member being renamed, as well as the
toggleStretchMode function being renamed to toggleScalingMode as well.
Unfortunately, due to compatibility, we can't change the <stretch> XML
tag.
VVV_min/max are functions that only operate on ints, and SDL_min/max are
macros that operate on any type but double-evaluate everything.
I know I more-or-less said earlier that SDL_min/max were dumb but I've
changed my mind and think it's better to use them, taking care to make
sure you don't double-evaluate, rather than trying to generate your own
litany of functions with either your own hand-rolled generation macros,
C++ templates, C11 generics, or GCC extensions (that last one you'd
technically use in a macro but it doesn't really matter), all of which
have more downsides than just not double-evaluating.
And the upside of not double-evaluating is that you're disencouraged
from having really complicated single-line min/max expressions and
encouraged to precompute the values beforehand anyway so the final
min/max is more readable. And furthermore you'll notice when you
yourself end up doing double-evaluations anyway. I removed a couple
instances of Graphics::len() being double-evaluated in this commit (as
well as cleaned up some other min/max-using code). Although the only
downside to those double-evaluations was unnecessary computation,
rather than checking the wrong result or having multiple side effects,
thankfully, it's still good to minimize double-evaluations where
possible.
The reason why the wall stuck flipping behavior happened in the first
place was because the code went like this:
if (jumppressed)
{
if (onground && gravitycontrol == 0)
{
gravitycontrol = 1;
}
if (onroof && gravitycontrol == 1)
{
gravitycontrol = 0;
}
}
Basically, if you were both on ground and on a roof (i.e. stuck in a
wall), you would flip, but then due to code order and the fact that the
statement is not connected to the previous one, you would immediately
unflip afterwards. But if you were already flipped then the only path
that can be taken is to unflip you, since it's the statement that
appears last.
52fceb3f69 replaces the onground/onroof
conditionals with any_onground/any_onroof, so any player entity would
allow you to flip. But otherwise the code is the same. So is that the
problem?
No; tracing it through with GDB reveals that when you flip,
gravitycontrol is being set to 1, but never being set to 0. And it turns
out that's because any_onroof is not getting set. And that happens
because of another thing that 52fceb3f69
did - which was to set any_onground/any_onroof to true if indeed any
player entity was on ground or on a roof.
Unfortunately, the way Leo did it was to make the two statements
mutually exclusive - an 'if'-'else if' instead of two separate
statements. So a single entity could not mark both any_onground and
any_onroof as true (and the majority of the time, you will be a single
entity).
Thus, the solution is to just drop that 'else'.
Fixes#855.
I noticed when going frame-by-frame in Vertigo that sometimes the
wrapping enemies at the top sometimes just "popped" in frame. This is
because the sprite warp code only draws the warping sprite of sprites at
the bottom of the screen if they're below y=210. However, the warp point
starts at y=232, and warp sprites can be at most 32x32, which is exactly
the case with the Vertigo sprites, which are exactly 32x32. So the warp
code should start warping sprites if they're below y=200 (232 - 32)
instead.
Horizontal warping also has this problem; it warps at x=320 and
starts drawing warp sprites at x=300, even though it should start
drawing at x=288 (320 - 32). I've gone ahead and fixed that as well.
This is just in case the background gets changed by a custom level or
something to be something that would otherwise result in bad contrast.
Also if it needs to go outside the box for some reason. And I just like
the look of the outline.
Whew, look at all those copy-pasted print statements!
Doing this because of the in-game timer feature. The text would
otherwise clash harshly with the timer otherwise. Even with the outline
it still clashes, but at least there's an outline so it's not as harsh.
This adds centiseconds to the in-game timer, as well as the time trial
timer.
This is to aid speedrun moderators in determining when exactly a run was
completed, which they can't easily do if the timer only has a precision
up to a second.
The problem was that it also needed to check that game.swnmode was true,
in addition to game.swngame being 1, to actually check that the Super
Gravitron was being played.
Currently, all game-gamestate variables are just ints. This is not
particularly type-safe, in case the number of enums changes. To verify
that all current uses of the game-gamestate variables actually use the
enums, change them to be typed with the enum instead.
(As an aside, we should probably rename this so that it can't be
confused with Terry's state machine that has several different ways to
exploit to warp you to the credits, but that's something to do later.)
You'll note that getting in to the glitchy state of the game (the state
where you could play the game after it had hardreset() called on it)
required the player to quit to menu with ingame_titlemode set to true.
Well, quitting to menu calls hardreset(). So if hardreset() is called
when quitting, then you can no longer preserve ingame_titlemode that
way. This is a bit overkill, but I'm just taking precautions.
The game will now assert if the main menu is created while
ingame_titlemode is true, or if we attempt to load into a mode while
it's true. And if assertions are disabled then it just stops doing it
anyway.
I don't think there's any way to get a glitched ingame_titlemode again,
ever since I removed save data deletion taking you back to the main
menu. But I've had enough bugs with the fact that we more-or-less use
the same state for main menu options and in-game options, and that
glitched ingame_titlemode bug DID just happen, so I'm taking
precautions.
The next commit will add logic that more-or-less quits the whole block
if ingame_titlemode, and instead of adding another layer of indentation
I will just pull this into its own function so we can use a return
statement.
While I was testing deleting data while you were in-game, I noticed that
deleting data gave you all the "Win with less than X deaths" trophies,
even if you never got any of them before deleting data. Well, it turns
out that if you have the best game death count of 0, then you win every
trophy, and if you have the best game death count of -1 then that means
you haven't completed the game yet.
This reset was added in e3bfc79d4a, so at
least it's not in 2.3, but I only have myself to blame for making this
mistake. Whoops.
Going back to the main menu allowed for glitchiness to occur if you
deleted your save data while in in-game options. This meant you could
then load back in to the game, and then quit to the menu, then open the
options and then jump back in-game, exploring the state of the game
after hardreset() had been called on it. Which is: pretty glitchy.
For example, this meant having your room coordinates be 0,0 (which is
different from 100,100, which is the actual 0,0, thanks for the
100-indexing Terry), which caused some of the room transitions to be
disabled because room transitions were disabled if the
game.door_up/down/left/right variables were -2 or less, and they were
computed based on room coordinates, which meant some of them went
negative if you were 0,0 and not 100,100. At least this was the case
until I removed those variables for, at best, doing nothing, and at
worst, being actively harmful.
Anyways, so deleting your save data now just takes you back to the
previous menu, much like deleting custom level data does. I don't know
why deleting save data put you back on the main menu in the first place.
It's not like the options menu needed to be reloaded or anything. I
checked and this was the behavior in 2.0 as well, so it was probably
added for a dumb reason.
I considered prohibiting data deletion if you were ingame_titlemode, but
as of the moment it seems to be okay (if albeit weird, e.g. returning to
menu while in Secret Lab doesn't place your cursor on the "play"
button), and I can always add such a prohibition later if it was really
causing problems. Can't think of anything bad off of the top of my head,
though.
Btw thanks to Elomavi for discovering that you could do this glitch.
Okay, so, this is the elephant sprite, right?
https://i.imgur.com/dtS70zk.png
This is how it looks in the actual game, when you stitch all the rooms
together:
https://i.imgur.com/aztVnFT.png
Looks kind of messed-up, doesn't it?
Okay, so, in the bottom two rooms (11,9) and (12,9), the elephant is
placed at y-position -152. But in (11,8) and (12,8), it's placed at
y-position 96. This is despite the fact that -152 plus 240 is 88, not
96.
Similarly, in the left two rooms (11,8) and (11,9), the elephant is
placed at x-position 64, but in the right two rooms (12,8) and (12,9),
the elephant is placed at -264. This is despite the fact that 64 minus
320 is -256, not -264.
All of this stems from the calculations in Otherlevel.cpp using offsets
of -248 and -328 instead of -240 and -320.
So there's an 8-pixel offset that causes the elephant to be chopped off
when viewed with all the rooms stitched together. Simple enough to fix.
For the y-position fixes, I decremented the initial 8-pixel multiplier
as well, else the elephant would sink into the floor.
And this is what the elephant looks like now after stitching:
https://i.imgur.com/27ePLm1.png
Thanks to Tzann for pointing this out.
These warnings are kinda spammy, and they make sense in principle.
vlog_error takes a format string, so passing it an arbitrary string
(even error messages from libraries) isn't a good idea.
Dvoid from Discord just reported a crash when trying to load a
custom tiles2.png that was encoded weirdly.
The problem is that we don't check the return value from LodePNG, so
LodePNG gives us a null pointer, and then
SDL_CreateRGBSurfaceWithFormatFrom doesn't check this null pointer,
which then propagates until we crash in SDL_ConvertSurfaceFormat (or
rather, one of its sub-functions), and we would probably crash somewhere
else anyway if it continued.
After properly checking LodePNG's return value, along with printing the
error, it turns out that Dvoid's custom tiles2.png had an "invalid CRC".
I don't know what this means but it sounds worrying. `feh` can read the
file correctly but it also reports a "CRC error".
While we can't fix Canonical, we can at least work around them, and help
people on Ubuntu out by linking them to my comment listing the
currently-known workarounds.
SDL_GetTicks64() is a function that got added in SDL 2.0.18, which is
just an SDL_GetTicks() without a value that wraps every ~49 days,
instead wrapping after the sun explodes and kills us all. Oh sorry,
didn't mean to get existential.
For now, put this behind an SDL_VERSION_ATLEAST guard, which will be
removed when SDL 2.0.18 officially releases and we can update to it.
My latest rebase of #624 (refactoring/splitting editor.cpp) accidentally
overwrote #787 and essentially reverted it entirely. So, add it back in.
This is the same as #787 except it uses the new names, uses SDL_INLINE
to inline the function, and uses named constants.
GCC warns on casting `void*` to function pointers. This is because the C
standard makes a clear distinction between pointers to objects (`void*`)
and pointers to functions (function pointers), and does not specify
anything related to being able to cast object pointers to function
pointers.
The warning message is factually wrong, though - it states that it is
forbidden by ISO C, when in fact it is not, and is actually just
unspecified.
We can't get rid of the cast entirely, because we need the explicit cast
(the C standard _does_ mandate you need an explicit cast when converting
between object pointers and function pointers), and at the end of the
day, this is simply how `SDL_LoadFunction()` works (and more
importantly, how `dlsym()` works), so we can't get rid of it, and we
have no reason to anyways since it means we don't have a hard runtime
dependency on Steam (unlike some other games) and casting `void*` to
function pointers always behaves well on every single platform we ship
on that supports Steam.
Unfortunately, this warning seems to be a part of -Wpedantic, and
there's no way to disable this warning specifically without disabling
-Wpedantic. Luckily, I've found a workaround - just cast to `intptr_t`
before casting to the function pointer. Hopefully the compiler doesn't
get smarter in the future and this ends up breaking or anything...
* Add `setactivityposition(x,y)`, add new textbox color `transparent`
This commit adds a new internal command as a part of the visual activity zone changes I've been making.
This one allows the user to reposition the activity zone to anywhere on the screen.
In addition, this commit adds the textbox color `transparent`, which just sets r, g and b to 0.
rgb(0, 0, 0) normally creates the color black, however in VVVVVV textboxes, it makes the background
of them invisible, and makes the text the off-white color which the game uses elsewhere.
* add new variables to hardreset
* Fix unwanted text centering; offset position by 16, 4
It makes sense for `setactivityposition(0, 0)` to place the activity zone in the default position,
so the x has been offset by 16, and the y has been offset by 4.
Text was being automatically centered, meaning any activity zone which wasn't centered had misplaced text.
This has been fixed by calculating the center manually, and offsetting it by the passed value.
In previous versions, the game mistakenly checked the wrong color
channel of sprites, checking the red channel instead of the alpha
channel. I abuse this in some of my levels. Then I broke it when
refactoring masks so the game now no longer checks the red channel but
seems to check the blue channel instead. So re-fix this to the previous
bug, and preserve the previous bug with a comment explaining why.
This broke when I was refactoring things earlier, because we no longer
have a direct reference to the contents array, instead using a copied
int. But we have a settile() function anyway, so why not use it?
It is impossible to get on the quicksave screen in time trials, because
Enter is always bound to restarting time trials in a time trial, and
there's no way to open the map screen otherwise.
So, I've decided to add a fun little message in case someone somehow
manages to get to this screen in a time trial.
As is typical, the code was copy-pasted to account for Flip Mode, and
then copy-pasted again to account for custom levels, leading to four
instances of the same code.
I clean this up while also improving code style. This is where the new
FLIP macro and the fixed PrintWrap help a lot - otherwise the "Game
saved ok!" screen would look really wrong without the height
corrections.
It now looks more like the FLIP macro in Render.cpp: The y-position is
simply the height of the area the object is being flipped in, minus the
y-position itself, minus the height of the object. So:
flipped_yp = constant - yp - height
This is just a mathematical simplification of the existing statement,
which is:
flipped_yp = yp + 2 * (constant/2 - yp) - height
Using algebra, the 2 distributes into the parentheses, so
flipped_yp = yp + constant - 2 * yp - height
And the two `yp`s add together, so
flipped_yp = constant - yp - height
It's more readable this way.
Also I am using a named constant instead of a hardcoded one.
Otherwise, the text will be in the wrong position compared to normal
mode.
PrintWrap is not used in Flip Mode yet, but it will be used on the map
screen in an upcoming change of mine. The FLIP macro in Render.cpp can't
help us there, since it would need to know the height of the wrapped
text at compile time, when the height is only figured out at runtime
based off of the string (or, well, right _now_ the string _is_ known,
but we are going to merge localization for 2.4, and it's better to
future-proof...), and only PrintWrap itself can figure out the height of
the text. (Or, well, I suppose you could call it from outside the
function, but that's not very separation-of-concernsy style.)
Flipping objects in Flip Mode needs to account for the heights of those
objects (that's why flipme text boxes in Flip Mode in 2.2 were
positioned wrongly).
Also, turn it into a macro instead of an inline function.
This changes the positions of all existing de-duplicated map menu text
in Flip Mode, but it'll be more correct.
I misread SDL's code and thought that SDL's `begin_code.h` was internal
only to SDL. It turns out you get it when you include basically any
header, such as `SDL_stdinc.h`. So use it directly instead of copying it
for our own.
Between accounting for Flip Mode and custom levels, this code was
copy-pasted three times, leading to _four_ instances of one code!
Anyways, I've cleaned it up. The position of the text in Flip Mode is
going to differ by 4 pixels from how it was previously, but that really
shouldn't matter.
While dying in No Death Mode was fixed to no longer say "One trinkets"
in 2.3, if you win in No Death Mode with one trinket, the game would say
"One trinkets".
So to fix this, just slot a ternary in there. The code is already kind
of bad anyways and is going to be refactored/de-STLed in the future
regardless, so I'm not feeling too badly about shoving a ternary in
there like that.
This macro is to make it so it won't be error-prone to write the
semi-confusing `(a % b + b) % b` statement, and you can just use an easy
macro instead.
Currently, the only places a positive modulo is needed is when switching
tilesets, enemies, and warp directions in the editor, as well as when
getting a tile in the tower, since towers just repeat themselves
vertically. Towers used this weird while-loop to sort of emulate a
modulo, which isn't half-bad, but is unnecessary, and I don't think any
compiler would recognize it as a modulo. (And if it's not optimized to a
proper modulo... what happens if the number being moduloed is really,
really big?)
Believe it or not, there are still some remnants of the ActionScript
coding standards in the codebase! And one of them sometimes pops up
whenever an integer division happens.
As it so happens, it seems like division in ActionScript automatically
produces a decimal number. So to prevent that, the game sometimes
subtracts off the remainder of the number to be divided before
performing the division on it.
Thus, we get statements that look like
(a - (a % b)) / b
And probably more parentheses surrounding it too, since it would be
copy-pasted into yet another larger expression, because of course it
would.
`(a % b)` here is subtracting the remainder of `a` divided by `b`, using
the modulo operator, before it gets divided by `b`. Thus, the number
will always be divisible by `b`, so dividing it will mathematically not
produce a decimal number.
Needless to say, this is unnecessary, and very unreadable. In fact, when
I saw these for the first time, I thought they were overcomplicated
_modulos_, _not_ integer division! In C and C++, dividing an integer by
an integer will always result in an integer, so there's no need to do
all this runaround just to divide two integers.
To find all of these, I used the command
rg --pcre2 '(.+?).+?-.+?(?=\1).+?%.+?([\d]+?).+?\/.+?(?=\2)'
which basically matches expressions of the form 'a - a % b / b', where
'a' and 'b' are identical and there could be any characters in the
spaces.
There's really no need to put the y-multiplication in a lookup table.
The compiler will optimize the multiplication better than putting it in
a lookup table will.
To improve readability and to hardcode things less, the new
SCREEN_WIDTH_TILES and SCREEN_HEIGHT_TILES constant names are used, as
well as adding a new TILE_IDX macro to calculate the index of a tile in
a concatenated-rows (row-major in formal parlance) array. Also, tile
numbers are stored in a temporary variable to improve readability as
well (no more copy-pasting `contents[i + vmult[j]]` over and over
again).
