typed-graph/graph.rkt

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;;; Copyright 2021 Sergiu Ivanov <sivanov@colimite.fr>
;;;
;;; Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
;;; you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
;;; You may obtain a copy of the License at
;;;
;;; http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
;;;
;;; Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
;;; distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
;;; WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
;;; See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
;;; limitations under the License.
#lang typed/racket
;;; This file implements Alex Knauth's solution presented here:
;;;
;;; https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65386334/racket-generic-graph-library-in-typed-racket
(module graph-wrapper racket
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(require (prefix-in g: graph)
data/gen-queue/fifo)
(provide (struct-out graph) has-vertex? has-edge? vertex=? add-vertex! remove-vertex!
rename-vertex! add-edge! add-directed-edge! remove-edge!
remove-directed-edge! get-vertices in-vertices get-neighbors
in-neighbors get-edges in-edges edge-weight transpose graph-copy
graph-union!
unweighted-graph? unweighted-graph/undirected
unweighted-graph/directed unweighted-graph/adj
weighted-graph? weighted-graph/undirected weighted-graph/directed
undirected-graph directed-graph
matrix-graph?
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bfs bfs/generalized fewest-vertices-path
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dfs dfs/generalized
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dag? tsort cc
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graphviz)
;; Wrap the opaque graph structure coming from the generic
;; graph library.
(struct graph (g))
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(define gg graph-g)
;; 1 Generic Graph Interface
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(define (has-vertex? g v)
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(g:has-vertex? (gg g) v))
(define (has-edge? g u v)
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(g:has-edge? (gg g) u v))
(define (vertex=? g u v)
(g:vertex=? (gg g) u v))
(define (add-vertex! g v)
(g:add-vertex! (gg g) v))
(define (remove-vertex! g v)
(g:remove-vertex! (gg g) v))
(define (rename-vertex! g u v)
(g:rename-vertex! (gg g) u v))
(define (add-edge! g u v [weight 'default-value])
(g:add-edge! (gg g) u v weight))
(define (add-directed-edge! g u v [weight 'default-value])
(g:add-directed-edge! (gg g) u v weight))
(define (remove-edge! g u v)
(g:remove-edge! (gg g) u v))
(define (remove-directed-edge! g u v)
(g:remove-directed-edge! (gg g) u v))
(define (get-vertices g)
(g:get-vertices (gg g)))
(define (in-vertices g)
(g:in-vertices (gg g)))
(define (get-neighbors g v)
(g:get-neighbors (gg g) v))
(define (in-neighbors g v)
(g:in-neighbors (gg g) v))
(define (get-edges g)
(g:get-edges (gg g)))
(define (in-edges g)
(g:in-edges (gg g)))
(define (edge-weight g u v #:default [default +inf.0])
(g:edge-weight (gg g) u v #:default default))
(define (transpose g)
(graph (g:transpose (gg g))))
(define (graph-copy g)
(graph (g:graph-copy (gg g))))
(define (graph-union! g other)
(g:graph-union! (gg g) (gg other)))
;; 2 Graph constructors
;; 2.1 Unweighted Graphs
(define (unweighted-graph? g)
(g:unweighted-graph? (gg g)))
(define (unweighted-graph/undirected edges)
(graph (g:unweighted-graph/undirected edges)))
(define (unweighted-graph/directed edges)
(graph (g:unweighted-graph/directed edges)))
(define (unweighted-graph/adj edges)
(graph (g:unweighted-graph/adj edges)))
;; 2.2 Weighted Graphs
(define (weighted-graph? g)
(g:weighted-graph? (gg g)))
(define (weighted-graph/undirected edges)
(graph (g:weighted-graph/undirected edges)))
(define (weighted-graph/directed edges)
(graph (g:weighted-graph/directed edges)))
(define (undirected-graph es [ws #f])
(graph (g:undirected-graph es ws)))
(define (directed-graph es [ws #f])
(graph (g:directed-graph es ws)))
;; 2.3 Matrix Graphs
(define (matrix-graph? g)
(g:matrix-graph? (gg g)))
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;; 4 Basic Graph Functions
;; 4.1 Breadth-first Search
(define (bfs g source)
(g:bfs (gg g) source))
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(define (bfs/generalized
g
source
#:init-queue [init-queue (mk-empty-fifo)]
#:break [break? (λ (G source from to) #f)]
#:init [init void]
#:visit? [custom-visit?-fn (λ (G source from to) #f)]
#:discover [discover (λ (G s u v acc) acc)]
#:visit [visit (λ (G s v acc) acc)]
#:return [finish (λ (G s acc) acc)])
(g:bfs/generalized
(gg g)
source
#:init-queue init-queue
#:break break?
#:init init
#:visit? custom-visit?-fn
#:discover discover
#:visit visit
#:return finish))
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(define (fewest-vertices-path G source target)
(g:fewest-vertices-path (gg G) source target))
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;; 4.2 Depth-first Search
(define (dfs g)
(g:dfs (gg g)))
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(define (dfs/generalized
g
#:order [order (λ (x) x)]
#:break [break (λ (g from to acc) #f)]
#:init [init void]
#:inner-init [inner-init (λ (acc) acc)]
#:visit? [custom-visit?-fn #f]
#:prologue [prologue (λ (G u v acc) acc)]
#:epilogue [epilogue (λ (G u v acc) acc)]
#:process-unvisited? [process-unvisited?
(λ (G u v) #f)]
#:process-unvisited [process-unvisited
(λ (G u v acc) acc)]
#:combine [combine (λ (x acc) x)]
#:return [finish (λ (G acc) acc)])
(g:dfs/generalized
(gg g)
#:order order
#:break break
#:init init
#:inner-init inner-init
#:visit? custom-visit?-fn
#:prologue prologue
#:epilogue epilogue
#:process-unvisited? process-unvisited?
#:process-unvisited process-unvisited
#:combine combine
#:return finish))
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(define (dag? g)
(g:dag? (gg g)))
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(define (tsort g)
(g:tsort (gg g)))
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(define (cc g)
(g:cc (gg g)))
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;; 10 Graphviz
(define (graphviz g #:output [output #f] #:colors [colors #f])
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(g:graphviz (gg g) #:output output #:colors colors)))
(require/typed/provide 'graph-wrapper
[#:opaque Graph graph?]
;; 1 Generic Graph Interface
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[has-vertex? (-> Graph Any Boolean)]
[has-edge? (-> Graph Any Any Boolean)]
[vertex=? (-> Graph Any Any Boolean)]
[add-vertex! (-> Graph Any Void)]
[remove-vertex! (-> Graph Any Void)]
[rename-vertex! (-> Graph Any Any Void)]
[add-edge! (->* (Graph Any Any) (Any) Void)]
[add-directed-edge! (->* (Graph Any Any) (Any) Void)]
[remove-edge! (-> Graph Any Any Void)]
[remove-directed-edge! (-> Graph Any Any Void)]
[get-vertices (-> Graph (Listof Any))]
[in-vertices (-> Graph (Sequenceof Any))]
[get-neighbors (-> Graph Any (Listof Any))]
[in-neighbors (-> Graph Any (Sequenceof Any))]
[get-edges (-> Graph (U (Listof (List Any Any)) (Listof (List Any Any Any))))]
[in-edges (-> Graph (Sequenceof (U (List Any Any) (List Any Any Any))))]
[edge-weight (->* (Graph Any Any) (#:default Any) Any)]
[transpose (-> Graph Graph)]
[graph-copy (-> Graph Graph)]
[graph-union! (-> Graph Graph Void)]
;; 2 Graph constructors
;; 2.1 Unweighted Graphs
[unweighted-graph? (-> Graph Boolean)]
[unweighted-graph/undirected (-> (Listof (List Any Any)) Graph)]
[unweighted-graph/directed (-> (Listof (List Any Any)) Graph)]
[unweighted-graph/adj (-> (Listof (Listof Any)) Graph)]
;; 2.2 Weighted Graphs
[weighted-graph? (-> Graph Boolean)]
[weighted-graph/undirected (-> (Listof (List Any Any Any)) Graph)]
[weighted-graph/directed (-> (Listof (List Any Any Any)) Graph)]
[undirected-graph (->* ((Listof (List Any Any))) ((Listof Any)) Graph)]
[directed-graph (->* ((Listof (List Any Any))) ((Listof Any)) Graph)]
;; 2.3 Matrix Graphs
[matrix-graph? (-> Graph Boolean)]
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;; 4 Basic Graph Functions
;; 4.1 Breadth-first Search
[bfs (-> Graph Any (Values (Mutable-HashTable Any Number)
(Mutable-HashTable Any Any)))]
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[bfs/generalized (->* (Graph Any)
(#:init-queue Any ; TODO: Add a proper type.
#:break (-> Graph Any Any Any Boolean)
#:init (-> Graph Any Void)
#:visit? (-> Graph Any Any Any Boolean)
#:discover (-> Graph Any Any Any Any Any)
#:visit (-> Graph Any Any Any Any)
#:return (-> Graph Any Any Any))
Any)]
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[fewest-vertices-path (-> Graph Any Any (U (Listof Any) False))]
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;; 4.2 Depth-first Search
[dfs (-> Graph (Values (Mutable-HashTable Any Number)
(Mutable-HashTable Any Any)
(Mutable-HashTable Any Number)))]
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[dfs/generalized (->* (Graph)
(#:order (-> (Listof Any) (Listof Any))
#:break (-> Graph Any Any Any Boolean)
#:init (-> Graph Void)
#:inner-init (-> Any Any)
#:visit? (-> Graph Any Any Boolean)
#:prologue (-> Graph Any Any Any Any)
#:epilogue (-> Graph Any Any Any Any)
#:process-unvisited? (-> Graph Any Any Boolean)
#:process-unvisited (-> Graph Any Any Any Any)
#:combine (-> Any Any Any)
#:return (-> Graph Any Any))
Any)]
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[dag? (-> Graph Boolean)]
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[tsort (-> Graph (Listof Any))]
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[cc (-> Graph (Listof (Listof Any)))]
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;; 10 Graphviz
[graphviz (->* (Graph)
(#:output Output-Port
#:colors (HashTable Any Natural))
String)])
(module+ test
;; The goal of the tests is to check that all of the provided
;; functions can be invoked without errors. The tests do not check
;; whether the results make sense.
(require typed/rackunit)
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;; TODO: Submit an update to hash->list in Racket and then remove
;; this function.
(: hash->ordered-list (All (a b) (-> (HashTable a b) (Listof (Pairof a b)))))
(define (hash->ordered-list h)
(hash-map h (inst cons a b) #t))
(test-case "1 Generic Graph Interface"
(define g (directed-graph '((a b) (b c))))
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(check-false (has-edge? g 'a 'c))
(check-true (has-vertex? g 'a))
(check-false (vertex=? g 'a 'c))
(add-vertex! g 'd)
(remove-vertex! g 'a)
(rename-vertex! g 'd 'a)
(add-edge! g 'a 'c)
(add-edge! g 'a 'c "a->c")
(add-directed-edge! g 'a 'c)
(add-directed-edge! g 'a 'c "a->c")
(remove-edge! g 'a 'c)
(remove-directed-edge! g 'a 'c)
(check-equal? (get-vertices g) '(c b a))
(check-equal? (sequence->list (in-vertices g)) '(c b a))
(check-equal? (get-neighbors g 'b) '(c))
(check-equal? (sequence->list (in-neighbors g 'b)) '(c))
(check-equal? (get-edges g) '((b c)))
(check-equal? (sequence->list (in-edges g)) '((b c)))
(check-equal? (edge-weight g 'a 'c) +inf.0)
(check-equal? (edge-weight g 'a 'c #:default 'none) 'none)
(check-equal? (graphviz (transpose g))
"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t\tnode0 -> node2;\n\t}\n}\n")
(check-equal? (graphviz (graph-copy g))
"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t\tnode2 -> node0;\n\t}\n}\n")
(graph-union! g (transpose g)))
(test-case "2 Graph Constructors"
;; 2.1 Unweighted Graphs
(check-true (unweighted-graph? (directed-graph '((a b) (b c)))))
(check-equal? (graphviz (unweighted-graph/undirected '((a b) (b c))))
"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t\tnode0 -> node2;\n\t\tnode1 -> node2;\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t}\n}\n")
(check-equal? (graphviz (unweighted-graph/directed '((a b) (b c))))
"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t\tnode1 -> node2;\n\t\tnode2 -> node0;\n\t}\n}\n")
(check-equal? (graphviz (unweighted-graph/adj '((a b c) (b c d))))
"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"d\"];\n\tnode3 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t\tnode1 -> node0;\n\t\tnode1 -> node3;\n\t\tnode3 -> node0;\n\t\tnode3 -> node2;\n\t}\n}\n")
;; 2.2 Weighted Graphs
(check-false (weighted-graph? (directed-graph '((a b) (b c)))))
(check-equal? (graphviz (weighted-graph/undirected '((10 a b) (20 b c))))
"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t\tnode0 -> node2 [label=\"20\"];\n\t\tnode1 -> node2 [label=\"10\"];\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t}\n}\n")
(check-equal? (graphviz (weighted-graph/directed '((10 a b) (20 b c))))
"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t\tnode1 -> node2 [label=\"10\"];\n\t\tnode2 -> node0 [label=\"20\"];\n\t}\n}\n")
(check-equal? (graphviz (undirected-graph '((a b) (b c))))
"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t\tnode0 -> node2;\n\t\tnode1 -> node2;\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t}\n}\n")
(check-equal? (graphviz (undirected-graph '((a b) (b c)) '(1 "hello")))
"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t\tnode0 -> node2 [label=\"hello\"];\n\t\tnode1 -> node2 [label=\"1\"];\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t}\n}\n")
(check-equal? (graphviz (directed-graph '((a b) (b c))))
"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t\tnode1 -> node2;\n\t\tnode2 -> node0;\n\t}\n}\n")
(check-equal? (graphviz (directed-graph '((a b) (b c)) '(1 "hello")))
"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t\tnode1 -> node2 [label=\"1\"];\n\t\tnode2 -> node0 [label=\"hello\"];\n\t}\n}\n")
;; 2.3 Matrix Graphs
(check-false (matrix-graph? (directed-graph '((a b) (b c))))))
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(test-case "4 Basic Graph Functions"
;; 4.1 Breadth-first Search
(define-values (bfs-lens bfs-tree) (bfs (directed-graph '((a b) (b c))) 'a))
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(check-equal? (hash->ordered-list bfs-lens) '((a . 0) (b . 1) (c . 2)))
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(check-equal? (hash->ordered-list bfs-tree) '((a . #f) (b . a) (c . b)))
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(check-equal? (bfs/generalized (directed-graph '((a b) (a c) (b d) (c d))) 'a)
(void))
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(check-equal? (fewest-vertices-path (directed-graph '((a b) (b c) (c d))) 'a 'd)
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'(a b c d))
;; 4.2 Depth-first Search
(define-values (dfs-discovery dfs-pred dfs-finish)
(dfs (directed-graph '((a b) (a c) (b d) (c d)))))
(check-equal? (hash->ordered-list dfs-discovery)
'((a . 4) (b . 5) (c . 0) (d . 1)))
(check-equal? (hash->ordered-list dfs-pred)
'((a . #f) (b . a) (c . #f) (d . c)))
(check-equal? (hash->ordered-list dfs-finish)
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'((a . 7) (b . 6) (c . 3) (d . 2)))
(check-equal? (dfs/generalized (directed-graph '((a b) (a c) (b d) (c d))))
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(void))
(check-true (dag? (directed-graph '((a b) (b c)))))
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(check-false (dag? (directed-graph '((a b) (b a)))))
(check-equal? (tsort (directed-graph '((a b) (b c) (a d) (d b))))
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'(a d b c))
(check-equal? (cc (undirected-graph '((a b) (b c) (d e))))
'((e d) (a b c))))
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(test-case "10 Graphviz"
(define g (directed-graph '((a b) (b c))))
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(check-equal? (graphviz g)
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"digraph G {\n\tnode0 [label=\"c\"];\n\tnode1 [label=\"a\"];\n\tnode2 [label=\"b\"];\n\tsubgraph U {\n\t\tedge [dir=none];\n\t}\n\tsubgraph D {\n\t\tnode1 -> node2;\n\t\tnode2 -> node0;\n\t}\n}\n")))