globals 
[
  nx ny
  nb-beekeepers 
  max-distance-of-moving
  acacia-price
  polyflower-price
  lime-price 
  sunflower-price 
  hivesProd
  fuelPriceByKm  ;;; euros by km
  ]

breed [ beekeepers beekeeper ]

;;breed [ counties county]

breed [ spots spot]

patches-own ;;;; counties as patches
[
  best-spot
  spots-inside ;;; list of spots inside the county
]

spots-own[
  availability ;;; 0 for free or 1 for occupied
  utility ;;; flower-price
  old-utility;;; one of the different utility from the last season
  lifetime-of-flowers
  
  ]

beekeepers-own
[
  
  strategy-of-turtle 
  current-spot;;
  chosen-county;;
  travelDistance ;;; distance travelled by beekeepers during season
  honeyQuantity  ;;; quantity of honey recolted during season
  totalCharges  ;;; cost of travelling
  benefit ;;;;;;
  TotalBenefit
  
]


;;;;;INITIALISATIONS;;;;;;;


;;;;;;;;Valeures Globales;;;;;;

to globalinit
  set max-distance-of-moving 500
  
  set acacia-price 4.65
  set polyflower-price 3.48
  set lime-price 4.65
  set sunflower-price 2.32
  set fuelPriceByKm 0.43
  
 
end





to setup-counties
  __clear-all-and-reset-ticks 
  file-open "all.txt"
  while [not file-at-end?] [ 
    set nx file-read
    set ny file-read
    set nb-beekeepers file-read
     create-beekeepers nb-beekeepers[
       setxy nx ny
       set shape "person"
       set size 0.1
       set color blue
       set strategy-of-turtle 1
      ]
    create-spots 24 [
       setxy (nx + random 3) (ny + random 3)
       set lifetime-of-flowers 1
       set utility acacia-price
      
    ]
   
  ]
  file-close-all
end




;;
;; SETUP AND HELPERS
;;



to setup
  clear-all
  globalinit
  setup-counties
  reset-ticks
end




;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; GO AND TURTLE STRATEGIES
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to go
 
  ask beekeepers [
    let current-patch patch-here
    set current-spot spots-here
    ifelse ticks != 0 [ ;;; if its not the beginning
       let quant [utility] of current-spot 
       ;;;;;;; A REVOIR ;;;;;;;;;;;
       
       ifelse [lifetime-of-flowers] of current-spot  = 0 [ 
          find-a-new-place
       ]
       [
          recolt ;; beekeeper stays on the spot and goes on to recolt
       ]
    ]
  [;;; at the beginning
    follow-strategy
    find-a-new-place
    ]
]
  
  ask spots [
     set lifetime-of-flowers (lifetime-of-flowers - 1)
     
     if lifetime-of-flowers = 0 [
      set utility acacia-price
     ]
    
    ]
  tick
end


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;Motions procedures;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


to find-a-new-place
  follow-strategy
  recolt
  
end


to stay
  recolt
end

to recolt
 set benefit (benefit + ( hivesProd * [utility] of current-spot)) 

  
end

to follow-strategy
  ;;; its depends of the strategy of the turtle , has to be calibrate in the initialisation
  
  
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
  if strategy-of-turtle = 1 [ ;;; choose a random spot

     let counties-around other patches ;;in-radius max-distance-of-moving
     set chosen-county one-of counties-around
     ;;;;;
     ;;cost-of-moving
     ;;;;;
     ask spots-here [ 
          set availability 0 ;; as beekeepers is leaving the spot, it becomes free
          ]
     move-to chosen-county
     
    
       
    ;   let spots-on-county turtles-here
       let available-spots spots-here with [availability = 0] ;; free
       ifelse any? available-spots [ ;;; there are available spots
             set best-spot max-one-of available-spots [ utility ]  
       ]
         
       [;;;; there isnt any available spot 
            follow-strategy
       ]
       
       
        
        move-to [best-spot] of chosen-county
        ask [best-spot] of chosen-county [ 
          set availability 1   
        ]  
        set current-spot [best-spot] of chosen-county
     
   ]
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 
    
   if strategy-of-turtle = 2 [ ;;;; choose the nearest county
    
    ]
    if strategy-of-turtle = 3 [
    
    ]
end


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;Utility function;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


to cost-of-moving
  set travelDistance distance chosen-county

  let charges (travelDistance * fuelPriceByKm)
  set totalCharges (totalCharges + charges)
end


;;; change the cost and profit variables during a recolt
to calculate-cost-profit
  
  set totalBenefit ( benefit - totalCharges)
  
  
end




to estimate-seasonnal-benefit
  
  
  
end





; Copyright 2004 Uri Wilensky.
; See Info tab for full copyright and license.
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"default" 1.0 1 -13791810 true "" ""

@#$#@#$#@
## WHAT IS IT?

This model simulates students' ideas about scattering, which takes place just before exercising in gym. The students in a class start out all bunched up, and the teacher asks them to spread out or scatter.  This simulation shows the spread of the group when the individual students follow simple rules to decide whether to move and where.  The scatterers move according to rules that were gleaned from several interviews with sixth-grade students.

The students were asked: "At the beginning of a Physical Education class, the students are standing close together. The teacher tells the students to scatter so they may perform calisthenics. What happens? Can you describe and explain?"  The students described the scattering process verbally, using coins to simulate the process and drawing a series of pictures to depict the succeeding steps.

## HOW IT WORKS

This model implements several scattering rules, which the user can mix and match:

RANDOM-MIN: Move in a random direction until you are far enough away from all of your neighbors. Random-min turtles (the violet ones) set their heading and move in a random direction if and only if there are turtles that are too close.

OPEN-MIN: Move into the largest open nearby space until you are far enough away from all of your neighbors. Open-min turtles (blue) also stop when other turtles are too close. If there are turtles that are too close, they find the heading that will take them to the largest open space.

OPEN-MIN-MAX: Move into the largest open nearby space until you are far enough away, but not too far. If you're too close, move away. If you're too far, move closer. The open-min-max turtles (orange) move to the largest open space if other turtles are too close. If the other turtles are too far away (that is, there aren't turtles within a certain space), the turtle in question moves to a more populated area.

Two of the scattering rules do not have stopping conditions, so they continue scattering indefinitely:

RANDOM-AWAY: Move in a random direction away from the person that is closest too you. Random-away turtles (pink) look at the turtle closest to them and move in the opposite direction.

RANDOM: Move about randomly, disregarding all other scatterers. Random turtles (brown) just run around in a random direction, never looking at the turtles around them.

The scattering students move at equal speeds, if they move at all. Two students cannot occupy the same location. Whether or not to move and where to move depends on each of the rules that are described. The color of the scattering students reflects the rule that they are following.

## HOW TO USE IT

Use the sliders to the right of the view to specify the number of turtles to create with each rule.

With the first three rules, the TOO-CLOSE slider sets the distance, in patches, that the turtles must be away from other turtles before stopping. The NUM-RANDOM-MIN slider indicates the number of turtles to create that move in a random direction, stopping when they are at least the distance specified by TOO-CLOSE from other turtles. Use the NUM-OPEN-MIN slider to specify how many turtles to create that move to the largest open space if there are turtles within TOO-CLOSE.

NUM-OPEN-MIN-MAX specifies the number of turtles to create that must have turtles within a certain range in order to stop. TOO-CLOSE indicates how far away other turtles must be for a turtle to stop, and TOO-FAR indicates how close the turtle in question must be to at least another turtle for it to stop.

The NUM-RANDOM-AWAY slider indicates the number of turtles to create that move away from the closest turtle, without ever stopping. NUM-RANDOM indicates the number of turtles that move in random directions without stopping.

To indicate the radius within which you want the turtles to be initially scattered, use the INITIAL-RADIUS slider. INITIAL-RADIUS must be large enough to fit the number of turtles indicated by the above sliders. See NetLogo Features, below.

To vary the distance that a turtle moves each time step, change the STEP-SIZE slider.

Press SETUP to create the number of turtles indicated, in the INITIAL-RADIUS specified. Press GO to start the model and the plots.

The plot AVERAGE DISTANCE FROM ORIGIN shows the average distance that turtles of a certain rule have moved from their original position over time. It is color-coded to match the colors of the turtles. To observe the average distance of turtles of a certain rule, watch the line of the same color.

The MOBILITY OF SCATTERERS histogram displays the average total distance moved by turtles within a certain range away from the origin. Each of the bars plots the average total distance of turtles in five concentric circles radiating from the center patch. Note that this differs from that of the AVERAGE DISTANCE FROM ORIGIN plot, which measures the distance from the turtle's present spot to its original spot, in that it adds up each step taken by the turtle.

The TICKS monitor displays the number of clock cycles that GO has run.

## THINGS TO NOTICE

While the group is spreading, notice the individual turtles' routes.  You can use the "watch turtle" functionality (by clicking on a turtle) or pen-downing a single turtle to observe its path.  Try this with a number of turtles. How do the individual and group patterns relate?

Like two people walking towards each other down a hallway trying to avoid colliding, the rules of the turtles deciding their heading based on other turtles can conflict. For instance, several neighboring turtles moving to the largest open space may choose to move to the same open spot and, in doing so, move closer to the other turtles. This can form clusters of turtles, even while the group is spreading and even in the periphery of the group.

Certain rules get to a settled, or scattered, state more quickly than others do. Which rules are better for efficient scattering?

Observe the shape of the "Average distance from Origin" plot: Why is it shaped the way it is?  What other phenomena behave in a similar way?

When observing the MOBILITY OF SCATTERERS plot, notice how scatterers farther on the outside will sometimes move a greater total distance or a smaller total distance, depending on the rule.

There are often threshold values where the scatterers will never settle down, and the model will not stop. For instance, if TOO-CLOSE is too great and there are too many turtles, they will never have enough room to completely scatter.

Some of the rules produce a more ordered end formation than others. Why is this, and which ones exhibit this behavior?  Do any regions show higher densities than others?

When certain rules are mixed together, segregation occurs. That is, turtles of a certain rule tend to be surrounded by more turtles of the same rule than not. Which combinations of rules produce this segregation more than others?

## THINGS TO TRY

When experimenting with the move-into-range turtles, vary the TOO-CLOSE and TOO-FAR sliders concurrently with the STEP-SIZE slider. If the step size is too big and the TOO-CLOSE and TOO-FAR values creating too narrow of a range, will the scatterers ever settle?

Try mixing rules to explore how turtles of different rules interact with each other.

Watch what happens when a few random-scatter turtles run around a set of turtles with stopping conditions, like move-to-open-space turtles.

Vary the STEP-SIZE slider, and see what effect this has on the model. Does a bigger step size make for more or less efficient scattering?

Try varying INITIAL-RADIUS to make the starting formation tighter or more spread out.

Pen-down one turtle, and watch its path as it moves about the world. How does it compare with the group?

Which rule seems to simulate real situations of scattering people?

## EXTENDING THE MODEL

Try to think of other rules that scatterers follow. For example, figure out rules to get the turtles to fill up the entire space. Alternatively, turtles could move towards a friend or away from an enemy. Also, try to think of stopping conditions other than being a certain distance from other turtles.

Turtles could have a variable `stubbornness`, indicating how likely a turtle is to move or not. A `dawdle` or `friendliness` variable could indicate a likeliness to hang around other turtles.

Try giving the scatterers the ability to back track. For instance, if a scatterer moving to an open space finds that their movement takes them to a more populated area, they could move back to where they were before.

Allow turtle to have varying speeds or step sizes, simulating the differing stride lengths of individual scatterers

Devise other ways to model the scattering in the aggregate sense; for example, measure the density in a certain area.

What if there was a location (e.g. a fire) that people were trying to get away from while scattering?  Devise a way to model such a situation.  You can include physical structures, such as walls and doors.

## NETLOGO FEATURES

The model creates turtles by asking patches to `sprout` a turtle initialized with a certain rule. Because a patch can only `sprout` one turtle, only a certain number of turtles can fit in a certain radius. The model verifies that the user hasn't asked for more turtles than can fit in the initial-radius specified to avoid an error.

## CREDITS AND REFERENCES

The study is described in Levy, S.T., & Wilensky, U. (2004). Making sense of complexity: Patterns in forming causal connections between individual agent behaviors and aggregate group behaviors. In U. Wilensky (Chair) and S. Papert (Discussant) Networking and complexifying the science classroom: Students simulating and making sense of complex systems using the HubNet networked architecture. The annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA, April 12 - 16, 2004. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/papers/midlevel-AERA04.pdf

Thanks to Stephanie Bezold for her work on this model.


## HOW TO CITE

If you mention this model in a publication, we ask that you include these citations for the model itself and for the NetLogo software:  
- Wilensky, U. (2004).  NetLogo Scatter model.  http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/Scatter.  Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.  
- Wilensky, U. (1999). NetLogo. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.  

## COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Copyright 2004 Uri Wilensky.

![CC BY-NC-SA 3.0](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/3.0/88x31.png)

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License.  To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Commercial licenses are also available. To inquire about commercial licenses, please contact Uri Wilensky at uri@northwestern.edu.

This model was created as part of the projects: PARTICIPATORY SIMULATIONS: NETWORK-BASED DESIGN FOR SYSTEMS LEARNING IN CLASSROOMS and/or INTEGRATED SIMULATION AND MODELING ENVIRONMENT. The project gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (REPP & ROLE programs) -- grant numbers REC #9814682 and REC-0126227.
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Polygon -7500403 true true 135 255 90 210 45 195 75 255 135 285
Polygon -7500403 true true 165 255 210 210 255 195 225 255 165 285
Polygon -7500403 true true 135 180 90 135 45 120 75 180 135 210
Polygon -7500403 true true 165 180 165 210 225 180 255 120 210 135
Polygon -7500403 true true 135 105 90 60 45 45 75 105 135 135
Polygon -7500403 true true 165 105 165 135 225 105 255 45 210 60
Polygon -7500403 true true 135 90 120 45 150 15 180 45 165 90

square
false
0
Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270

square 2
false
0
Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270
Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 60 240 240

star
false
0
Polygon -7500403 true true 151 1 185 108 298 108 207 175 242 282 151 216 59 282 94 175 3 108 116 108

target
false
0
Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300
Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240
Circle -7500403 true true 60 60 180
Circle -16777216 true false 90 90 120
Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60

tree
false
0
Circle -7500403 true true 118 3 94
Rectangle -6459832 true false 120 195 180 300
Circle -7500403 true true 65 21 108
Circle -7500403 true true 116 41 127
Circle -7500403 true true 45 90 120
Circle -7500403 true true 104 74 152

triangle
false
0
Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255

triangle 2
false
0
Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255
Polygon -16777216 true false 151 99 225 223 75 224

truck
false
0
Rectangle -7500403 true true 4 45 195 187
Polygon -7500403 true true 296 193 296 150 259 134 244 104 208 104 207 194
Rectangle -1 true false 195 60 195 105
Polygon -16777216 true false 238 112 252 141 219 141 218 112
Circle -16777216 true false 234 174 42
Rectangle -7500403 true true 181 185 214 194
Circle -16777216 true false 144 174 42
Circle -16777216 true false 24 174 42
Circle -7500403 false true 24 174 42
Circle -7500403 false true 144 174 42
Circle -7500403 false true 234 174 42

turtle
true
0
Polygon -10899396 true false 215 204 240 233 246 254 228 266 215 252 193 210
Polygon -10899396 true false 195 90 225 75 245 75 260 89 269 108 261 124 240 105 225 105 210 105
Polygon -10899396 true false 105 90 75 75 55 75 40 89 31 108 39 124 60 105 75 105 90 105
Polygon -10899396 true false 132 85 134 64 107 51 108 17 150 2 192 18 192 52 169 65 172 87
Polygon -10899396 true false 85 204 60 233 54 254 72 266 85 252 107 210
Polygon -7500403 true true 119 75 179 75 209 101 224 135 220 225 175 261 128 261 81 224 74 135 88 99

wheel
false
0
Circle -7500403 true true 3 3 294
Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240
Line -7500403 true 150 285 150 15
Line -7500403 true 15 150 285 150
Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60
Line -7500403 true 216 40 79 269
Line -7500403 true 40 84 269 221
Line -7500403 true 40 216 269 79
Line -7500403 true 84 40 221 269

x
false
0
Polygon -7500403 true true 270 75 225 30 30 225 75 270
Polygon -7500403 true true 30 75 75 30 270 225 225 270

@#$#@#$#@
NetLogo 5.0.3
@#$#@#$#@
set too-close 1.5
set too-far 2.0
set num-open-min-max 50
setup
repeat 75 [ go ]
@#$#@#$#@
@#$#@#$#@
@#$#@#$#@
@#$#@#$#@
default
0.0
-0.2 0 0.0 1.0
0.0 1 1.0 0.0
0.2 0 0.0 1.0
link direction
true
0
Line -7500403 true 150 150 90 180
Line -7500403 true 150 150 210 180

@#$#@#$#@
0
@#$#@#$#@