servant/servant/src/Servant/API/TypeLevel.hs

274 lines
8.7 KiB
Haskell

{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ConstraintKinds #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds #-}
{-# LANGUAGE KindSignatures #-}
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
{-# LANGUAGE PolyKinds #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
{-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances #-}
{-|
This module collects utilities for manipulating @servant@ API types. The
functionality in this module is for advanced usage.
The code samples in this module use the following type synonym:
> type SampleAPI = "hello" :> Get '[JSON] Int
> :<|> "bye" :> Capture "name" String :> Post '[JSON, PlainText] Bool
-}
module Servant.API.TypeLevel (
-- $setup
-- * API predicates
Endpoints,
-- ** Lax inclusion
IsElem',
IsElem,
IsSubAPI,
AllIsElem,
-- ** Strict inclusion
IsIn,
IsStrictSubAPI,
AllIsIn,
-- * Helpers
-- ** Lists
MapSub,
AppendList,
IsSubList,
Elem,
ElemGo,
-- ** Logic
Or,
And,
-- * Custom type errors
-- | Before @base-4.9.0.0@ we use non-exported 'ElemNotFoundIn' class,
-- which cannot be instantiated.
) where
import GHC.Exts
(Constraint)
import Servant.API.Alternative
(type (:<|>))
import Servant.API.Capture
(Capture, CaptureAll)
import Servant.API.Header
(Header)
import Servant.API.QueryParam
(QueryFlag, QueryParam, QueryParams)
import Servant.API.ReqBody
(ReqBody)
import Servant.API.Sub
(type (:>))
import Servant.API.Verbs
(Verb)
#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,9,0)
import GHC.TypeLits
(ErrorMessage (..), TypeError)
#endif
-- * API predicates
-- | Flatten API into a list of endpoints.
--
-- >>> Refl :: Endpoints SampleAPI :~: '["hello" :> Verb 'GET 200 '[JSON] Int, "bye" :> (Capture "name" String :> Verb 'POST 200 '[JSON, PlainText] Bool)]
-- Refl
type family Endpoints api where
Endpoints (a :<|> b) = AppendList (Endpoints a) (Endpoints b)
Endpoints (e :> a) = MapSub e (Endpoints a)
Endpoints a = '[a]
-- ** Lax inclusion
-- | You may use this type family to tell the type checker that your custom
-- type may be skipped as part of a link. This is useful for things like
-- @'QueryParam'@ that are optional in a URI and do not affect them if they are
-- omitted.
--
-- >>> data CustomThing
-- >>> type instance IsElem' e (CustomThing :> s) = IsElem e s
--
-- Note that @'IsElem'@ is called, which will mutually recurse back to @'IsElem''@
-- if it exhausts all other options again.
--
-- Once you have written a @HasLink@ instance for @CustomThing@ you are ready to go.
type family IsElem' a s :: Constraint
-- | Closed type family, check if @endpoint@ is within @api@.
-- Uses @'IsElem''@ if it exhausts all other options.
--
-- >>> ok (Proxy :: Proxy (IsElem ("hello" :> Get '[JSON] Int) SampleAPI))
-- OK
--
-- >>> ok (Proxy :: Proxy (IsElem ("bye" :> Get '[JSON] Int) SampleAPI))
-- ...
-- ... Could not deduce...
-- ...
--
-- An endpoint is considered within an api even if it is missing combinators
-- that don't affect the URL:
--
-- >>> ok (Proxy :: Proxy (IsElem (Get '[JSON] Int) (Header "h" Bool :> Get '[JSON] Int)))
-- OK
--
-- >>> ok (Proxy :: Proxy (IsElem (Get '[JSON] Int) (ReqBody '[JSON] Bool :> Get '[JSON] Int)))
-- OK
--
-- *N.B.:* @IsElem a b@ can be seen as capturing the notion of whether the URL
-- represented by @a@ would match the URL represented by @b@, *not* whether a
-- request represented by @a@ matches the endpoints serving @b@ (for the
-- latter, use 'IsIn').
type family IsElem endpoint api :: Constraint where
IsElem e (sa :<|> sb) = Or (IsElem e sa) (IsElem e sb)
IsElem (e :> sa) (e :> sb) = IsElem sa sb
IsElem sa (Header sym x :> sb) = IsElem sa sb
IsElem sa (ReqBody y x :> sb) = IsElem sa sb
IsElem (CaptureAll z y :> sa) (CaptureAll x y :> sb)
= IsElem sa sb
IsElem (Capture z y :> sa) (Capture x y :> sb)
= IsElem sa sb
IsElem sa (QueryParam x y :> sb) = IsElem sa sb
IsElem sa (QueryParams x y :> sb) = IsElem sa sb
IsElem sa (QueryFlag x :> sb) = IsElem sa sb
IsElem (Verb m s ct typ) (Verb m s ct' typ)
= IsSubList ct ct'
IsElem e e = ()
IsElem e a = IsElem' e a
-- | Check whether @sub@ is a sub-API of @api@.
--
-- >>> ok (Proxy :: Proxy (IsSubAPI SampleAPI (SampleAPI :<|> Get '[JSON] Int)))
-- OK
--
-- >>> ok (Proxy :: Proxy (IsSubAPI (SampleAPI :<|> Get '[JSON] Int) SampleAPI))
-- ...
-- ... Could not deduce...
-- ...
--
-- This uses @IsElem@ for checking; thus the note there applies here.
type family IsSubAPI sub api :: Constraint where
IsSubAPI sub api = AllIsElem (Endpoints sub) api
-- | Check that every element of @xs@ is an endpoint of @api@ (using @'IsElem'@).
type family AllIsElem xs api :: Constraint where
AllIsElem '[] api = ()
AllIsElem (x ': xs) api = (IsElem x api, AllIsElem xs api)
-- ** Strict inclusion
-- | Closed type family, check if @endpoint@ is exactly within @api@.
--
-- >>> ok (Proxy :: Proxy (IsIn ("hello" :> Get '[JSON] Int) SampleAPI))
-- OK
--
-- Unlike 'IsElem', this requires an *exact* match.
--
-- >>> ok (Proxy :: Proxy (IsIn (Get '[JSON] Int) (Header "h" Bool :> Get '[JSON] Int)))
-- ...
-- ... Could not deduce...
-- ...
type family IsIn (endpoint :: *) (api :: *) :: Constraint where
IsIn e (sa :<|> sb) = Or (IsIn e sa) (IsIn e sb)
IsIn (e :> sa) (e :> sb) = IsIn sa sb
IsIn e e = ()
-- | Check whether @sub@ is a sub API of @api@.
--
-- Like 'IsSubAPI', but uses 'IsIn' rather than 'IsElem'.
type family IsStrictSubAPI sub api :: Constraint where
IsStrictSubAPI sub api = AllIsIn (Endpoints sub) api
-- | Check that every element of @xs@ is an endpoint of @api@ (using @'IsIn'@).
--
-- ok (Proxy :: Proxy (AllIsIn (Endpoints SampleAPI) SampleAPI))
-- OK
type family AllIsIn xs api :: Constraint where
AllIsIn '[] api = ()
AllIsIn (x ': xs) api = (IsIn x api, AllIsIn xs api)
-- * Helpers
-- ** Lists
-- | Apply @(e :>)@ to every API in @xs@.
type family MapSub e xs where
MapSub e '[] = '[]
MapSub e (x ': xs) = (e :> x) ': MapSub e xs
-- | Append two type-level lists.
type family AppendList xs ys where
AppendList '[] ys = ys
AppendList (x ': xs) ys = x ': AppendList xs ys
type family IsSubList a b :: Constraint where
IsSubList '[] b = ()
IsSubList (x ': xs) y = Elem x y `And` IsSubList xs y
-- | Check that a value is an element of a list:
--
-- >>> ok (Proxy :: Proxy (Elem Bool '[Int, Bool]))
-- OK
--
-- >>> ok (Proxy :: Proxy (Elem String '[Int, Bool]))
-- ...
-- ... [Char]...'[Int, Bool...
-- ...
type Elem e es = ElemGo e es es
-- 'orig' is used to store original list for better error messages
type family ElemGo e es orig :: Constraint where
ElemGo x (x ': xs) orig = ()
ElemGo y (x ': xs) orig = ElemGo y xs orig
#if MIN_VERSION_base(4,9,0)
-- Note [Custom Errors]
ElemGo x '[] orig = TypeError ('ShowType x
':<>: 'Text " expected in list "
':<>: 'ShowType orig)
#else
ElemGo x '[] orig = ElemNotFoundIn x orig
#endif
-- ** Logic
-- | If either a or b produce an empty constraint, produce an empty constraint.
type family Or (a :: Constraint) (b :: Constraint) :: Constraint where
-- This works because of:
-- https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/NewAxioms/CoincidentOverlap
Or () b = ()
Or a () = ()
-- | If both a or b produce an empty constraint, produce an empty constraint.
type family And (a :: Constraint) (b :: Constraint) :: Constraint where
And () () = ()
-- * Custom type errors
#if !MIN_VERSION_base(4,9,0)
class ElemNotFoundIn val list
#endif
{- Note [Custom Errors]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We might try to factor these our more cleanly, but the type synonyms and type
families are not evaluated (see https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/12048).
-}
-- $setup
--
-- The doctests in this module are run with following preamble:
--
-- >>> :set -XPolyKinds
-- >>> :set -XGADTs
-- >>> import Data.Proxy
-- >>> import Data.Type.Equality
-- >>> import Servant.API
-- >>> data OK ctx where OK :: ctx => OK ctx
-- >>> instance Show (OK ctx) where show _ = "OK"
-- >>> let ok :: ctx => Proxy ctx -> OK ctx; ok _ = OK
-- >>> type SampleAPI = "hello" :> Get '[JSON] Int :<|> "bye" :> Capture "name" String :> Post '[JSON, PlainText] Bool
-- >>> let sampleAPI = Proxy :: Proxy SampleAPI