100 lines
3.1 KiB
Text
100 lines
3.1 KiB
Text
# SQLite database
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Let's see how we can write a simple web application that uses an
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[SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/) database to store simple textual
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messages. As usual, we start with a little bit of throat clearing.
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``` haskell
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{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds #-}
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{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
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{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
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import Control.Concurrent
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import Control.Exception (bracket)
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import Control.Monad.IO.Class
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import Database.SQLite.Simple
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import Network.HTTP.Client (newManager, defaultManagerSettings)
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import Network.Wai.Handler.Warp
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import Servant
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import Servant.Client
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```
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We will only care about a single type here, the messages. We want to
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be able to add a new one and retrieve them all, using two different
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endpoints.
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``` haskell
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type Message = String
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type API = ReqBody '[PlainText] Message :> Post '[JSON] NoContent
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:<|> Get '[JSON] [Message]
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api :: Proxy API
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api = Proxy
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```
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We proceed with a simple function for creating a table
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for holding our messages if it doesn't already exist.
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``` haskell
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initDB :: FilePath -> IO ()
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initDB dbfile = withConnection dbfile $ \conn ->
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execute_ conn
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"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS messages (msg text not null)"
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```
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Next, our server implementation. It will be parametrised (take as an
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argument) by the name of the file that contains our SQLite database.
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The handlers are straightforward. One takes care of inserting a new
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value in the database while the other fetches all messages and returns
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them. We also provide a function for serving our web app given an
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SQLite database file, which simply calls servant-server's `serve` function.
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``` haskell
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server :: FilePath -> Server API
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server dbfile = postMessage :<|> getMessages
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where postMessage :: Message -> Handler NoContent
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postMessage msg = do
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liftIO . withConnection dbfile $ \conn ->
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execute conn
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"INSERT INTO messages VALUES (?)"
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(Only msg)
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return NoContent
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getMessages :: Handler [Message]
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getMessages = fmap (map fromOnly) . liftIO $
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withConnection dbfile $ \conn ->
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query_ conn "SELECT msg FROM messages"
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runApp :: FilePath -> IO ()
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runApp dbfile = run 8080 (serve api $ server dbfile)
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```
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Let's also derive some clients for our API and use them to
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insert two messages and retrieve them in `main`.
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``` haskell
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postMsg :: Message -> ClientM NoContent
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getMsgs :: ClientM [Message]
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postMsg :<|> getMsgs = client api
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main :: IO ()
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main = do
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-- you could read this from some configuration file,
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-- environment variable or somewhere else instead.
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let dbfile = "test.db"
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initDB dbfile
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mgr <- newManager defaultManagerSettings
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bracket (forkIO $ runApp dbfile) killThread $ \_ -> do
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ms <- flip runClientM (mkClientEnv mgr (BaseUrl Http "localhost" 8080 "")) $ do
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postMsg "hello"
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postMsg "world"
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getMsgs
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print ms
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```
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This program prints `Right ["hello","world"]` the first time it is executed,
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`Right ["hello","world","hello","world"]` the second time and so on.
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The entire source for this example is available as a cabal project
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[here](https://github.com/haskell-servant/servant/tree/master/doc/cookbook/db-sqlite-simple).
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