servant/src/Servant/Server/Internal.hs

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2014-12-10 16:10:57 +01:00
{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds #-}
{-# LANGUAGE PolyKinds #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
module Servant.Server.Internal where
import Control.Applicative
import Control.Monad.Trans.Either
import Data.Aeson
import Data.Maybe (catMaybes)
import Data.Monoid
import Data.Proxy
import Data.String
import Data.String.Conversions
import Data.Text (Text)
import Data.Text.Encoding (decodeUtf8)
import GHC.TypeLits
import Network.HTTP.Types hiding (Header)
import Network.Wai
import Servant.API
import Servant.Common.Text
toApplication :: RoutingApplication -> Application
toApplication ra request respond = do
ra request (routingRespond . routeResult)
where
routingRespond :: Either RouteMismatch Response -> IO ResponseReceived
routingRespond (Left NotFound) =
respond $ responseLBS notFound404 [] "not found"
routingRespond (Left WrongMethod) =
respond $ responseLBS methodNotAllowed405 [] "method not allowed"
routingRespond (Left InvalidBody) =
respond $ responseLBS badRequest400 [] "Invalid JSON in request body"
routingRespond (Right response) =
respond response
-- * Route mismatch
data RouteMismatch =
NotFound -- ^ the usual "not found" error
| WrongMethod -- ^ a more informative "you just got the HTTP method wrong" error
| InvalidBody -- ^ an even more informative "your json request body wasn't valid" error
deriving (Eq, Show)
-- |
-- @
-- > mempty = NotFound
-- >
-- > NotFound `mappend` x = x
-- > WrongMethod `mappend` InvalidBody = InvalidBody
-- > WrongMethod `mappend` _ = WrongMethod
-- > InvalidBody `mappend` _ = InvalidBody
-- @
instance Monoid RouteMismatch where
mempty = NotFound
NotFound `mappend` x = x
WrongMethod `mappend` InvalidBody = InvalidBody
WrongMethod `mappend` _ = WrongMethod
InvalidBody `mappend` _ = InvalidBody
-- | A wrapper around @'Either' 'RouteMismatch' a@.
newtype RouteResult a =
RR { routeResult :: Either RouteMismatch a }
deriving (Eq, Show)
failWith :: RouteMismatch -> RouteResult a
failWith = RR . Left
succeedWith :: a -> RouteResult a
succeedWith = RR . Right
isMismatch :: RouteResult a -> Bool
isMismatch (RR (Left _)) = True
isMismatch _ = False
-- | If we get a `Right`, it has precedence over everything else.
--
-- This in particular means that if we could get several 'Right's,
-- only the first we encounter would be taken into account.
instance Monoid (RouteResult a) where
mempty = RR $ Left mempty
RR (Left x) `mappend` RR (Left y) = RR $ Left (x <> y)
RR (Left _) `mappend` RR (Right y) = RR $ Right y
r `mappend` _ = r
type RoutingApplication =
Request -- ^ the request, the field 'pathInfo' may be modified by url routing
-> (RouteResult Response -> IO ResponseReceived) -> IO ResponseReceived
class HasServer layout where
type Server layout :: *
route :: Proxy layout -> Server layout -> RoutingApplication
-- * Instances
-- | A server for @a ':<|>' b@ first tries to match the request again the route
-- represented by @a@ and if it fails tries @b@. You must provide a request
-- handler for each route.
--
-- > type MyApi = "books" :> Get [Book] -- GET /books
-- > :<|> "books" :> ReqBody Book :> Post Book -- POST /books
-- >
-- > server :: Server MyApi
-- > server = listAllBooks :<|> postBook
-- > where listAllBooks = ...
-- > postBook book = ...
instance (HasServer a, HasServer b) => HasServer (a :<|> b) where
type Server (a :<|> b) = Server a :<|> Server b
route Proxy (a :<|> b) request respond =
route pa a request $ \ mResponse ->
if isMismatch mResponse
then route pb b request $ \mResponse' -> respond (mResponse <> mResponse')
else respond mResponse
where pa = Proxy :: Proxy a
pb = Proxy :: Proxy b
captured :: FromText a => proxy (Capture sym a) -> Text -> Maybe a
captured _ = fromText
-- | If you use 'Capture' in one of the endpoints for your API,
-- this automatically requires your server-side handler to be a function
-- that takes an argument of the type specified by the 'Capture'.
-- This lets servant worry about getting it from the URL and turning
-- it into a value of the type you specify.
--
-- You can control how it'll be converted from 'Text' to your type
-- by simply providing an instance of 'FromText' for your type.
--
-- Example:
--
-- > type MyApi = "books" :> Capture "isbn" Text :> Get Book
-- >
-- > server :: Server MyApi
-- > server = getBook
-- > where getBook :: Text -> EitherT (Int, String) IO Book
-- > getBook isbn = ...
instance (KnownSymbol capture, FromText a, HasServer sublayout)
=> HasServer (Capture capture a :> sublayout) where
type Server (Capture capture a :> sublayout) =
a -> Server sublayout
route Proxy subserver request respond = case pathInfo request of
(first : rest)
-> case captured captureProxy first of
Nothing -> respond $ failWith NotFound
Just v -> route (Proxy :: Proxy sublayout) (subserver v) request{
pathInfo = rest
} respond
_ -> respond $ failWith NotFound
where captureProxy = Proxy :: Proxy (Capture capture a)
-- | If you have a 'Delete' endpoint in your API,
-- the handler for this endpoint is meant to delete
-- a resource.
--
-- The code of the handler will, just like
-- for 'Servant.API.Get.Get', 'Servant.API.Post.Post' and
-- 'Servant.API.Put.Put', run in @EitherT (Int, String) IO ()@.
-- The 'Int' represents the status code and the 'String' a message
-- to be returned. You can use 'Control.Monad.Trans.Either.left' to
-- painlessly error out if the conditions for a successful deletion
-- are not met.
instance HasServer Delete where
type Server Delete = EitherT (Int, String) IO ()
route Proxy action request respond
| null (pathInfo request) && requestMethod request == methodDelete = do
e <- runEitherT action
respond $ succeedWith $ case e of
Right () ->
responseLBS status204 [] ""
Left (status, message) ->
responseLBS (mkStatus status (cs message)) [] (cs message)
| null (pathInfo request) && requestMethod request /= methodDelete =
respond $ failWith WrongMethod
| otherwise = respond $ failWith NotFound
-- | When implementing the handler for a 'Get' endpoint,
-- just like for 'Servant.API.Delete.Delete', 'Servant.API.Post.Post'
-- and 'Servant.API.Put.Put', the handler code runs in the
-- @EitherT (Int, String) IO@ monad, where the 'Int' represents
-- the status code and the 'String' a message, returned in case of
-- failure. You can quite handily use 'Control.Monad.Trans.EitherT.left'
-- to quickly fail if some conditions are not met.
--
-- If successfully returning a value, we just require that its type has
-- a 'ToJSON' instance and servant takes care of encoding it for you,
-- yielding status code 200 along the way.
instance ToJSON result => HasServer (Get result) where
type Server (Get result) = EitherT (Int, String) IO result
route Proxy action request respond
| null (pathInfo request) && requestMethod request == methodGet = do
e <- runEitherT action
respond . succeedWith $ case e of
Right output ->
responseLBS ok200 [("Content-Type", "application/json")] (encode output)
Left (status, message) ->
responseLBS (mkStatus status (cs message)) [] (cs message)
| null (pathInfo request) && requestMethod request /= methodGet =
respond $ failWith WrongMethod
| otherwise = respond $ failWith NotFound
-- | If you use 'Header' in one of the endpoints for your API,
-- this automatically requires your server-side handler to be a function
-- that takes an argument of the type specified by 'Header'.
-- This lets servant worry about extracting it from the request and turning
-- it into a value of the type you specify.
--
-- All it asks is for a 'FromText' instance.
--
-- Example:
--
-- > newtype Referer = Referer Text
-- > deriving (Eq, Show, FromText, ToText)
-- >
-- > -- GET /view-my-referer
-- > type MyApi = "view-my-referer" :> Header "Referer" Referer :> Get Referer
-- >
-- > server :: Server MyApi
-- > server = viewReferer
-- > where viewReferer :: Referer -> EitherT (Int, String) IO referer
-- > viewReferer referer = return referer
instance (KnownSymbol sym, FromText a, HasServer sublayout)
=> HasServer (Header sym a :> sublayout) where
type Server (Header sym a :> sublayout) =
Maybe a -> Server sublayout
route Proxy subserver request respond = do
let mheader = fromText . decodeUtf8 =<< lookup str (requestHeaders request)
route (Proxy :: Proxy sublayout) (subserver mheader) request respond
where str = fromString $ symbolVal (Proxy :: Proxy sym)
-- | When implementing the handler for a 'Post' endpoint,
-- just like for 'Servant.API.Delete.Delete', 'Servant.API.Get.Get'
-- and 'Servant.API.Put.Put', the handler code runs in the
-- @EitherT (Int, String) IO@ monad, where the 'Int' represents
-- the status code and the 'String' a message, returned in case of
-- failure. You can quite handily use 'Control.Monad.Trans.EitherT.left'
-- to quickly fail if some conditions are not met.
--
-- If successfully returning a value, we just require that its type has
-- a 'ToJSON' instance and servant takes care of encoding it for you,
-- yielding status code 201 along the way.
instance ToJSON a => HasServer (Post a) where
type Server (Post a) = EitherT (Int, String) IO a
route Proxy action request respond
| null (pathInfo request) && requestMethod request == methodPost = do
e <- runEitherT action
respond . succeedWith $ case e of
Right out ->
responseLBS status201 [("Content-Type", "application/json")] (encode out)
Left (status, message) ->
responseLBS (mkStatus status (cs message)) [] (cs message)
| null (pathInfo request) && requestMethod request /= methodPost =
respond $ failWith WrongMethod
| otherwise = respond $ failWith NotFound
-- | When implementing the handler for a 'Put' endpoint,
-- just like for 'Servant.API.Delete.Delete', 'Servant.API.Get.Get'
-- and 'Servant.API.Post.Post', the handler code runs in the
-- @EitherT (Int, String) IO@ monad, where the 'Int' represents
-- the status code and the 'String' a message, returned in case of
-- failure. You can quite handily use 'Control.Monad.Trans.EitherT.left'
-- to quickly fail if some conditions are not met.
--
-- If successfully returning a value, we just require that its type has
-- a 'ToJSON' instance and servant takes care of encoding it for you,
-- yielding status code 200 along the way.
instance ToJSON a => HasServer (Put a) where
type Server (Put a) = EitherT (Int, String) IO a
route Proxy action request respond
| null (pathInfo request) && requestMethod request == methodPut = do
e <- runEitherT action
respond . succeedWith $ case e of
Right out ->
responseLBS ok200 [("Content-Type", "application/json")] (encode out)
Left (status, message) ->
responseLBS (mkStatus status (cs message)) [] (cs message)
| null (pathInfo request) && requestMethod request /= methodPut =
respond $ failWith WrongMethod
| otherwise = respond $ failWith NotFound
-- | If you use @'QueryParam' "author" Text@ in one of the endpoints for your API,
-- this automatically requires your server-side handler to be a function
-- that takes an argument of type @'Maybe' 'Text'@.
--
-- This lets servant worry about looking it up in the query string
-- and turning it into a value of the type you specify, enclosed
-- in 'Maybe', because it may not be there and servant would then
-- hand you 'Nothing'.
--
-- You can control how it'll be converted from 'Text' to your type
-- by simply providing an instance of 'FromText' for your type.
--
-- Example:
--
-- > type MyApi = "books" :> QueryParam "author" Text :> Get [Book]
-- >
-- > server :: Server MyApi
-- > server = getBooksBy
-- > where getBooksBy :: Maybe Text -> EitherT (Int, String) IO [Book]
-- > getBooksBy Nothing = ...return all books...
-- > getBooksBy (Just author) = ...return books by the given author...
instance (KnownSymbol sym, FromText a, HasServer sublayout)
=> HasServer (QueryParam sym a :> sublayout) where
type Server (QueryParam sym a :> sublayout) =
Maybe a -> Server sublayout
route Proxy subserver request respond = do
let querytext = parseQueryText $ rawQueryString request
param =
case lookup paramname querytext of
Nothing -> Nothing -- param absent from the query string
Just Nothing -> Nothing -- param present with no value -> Nothing
Just (Just v) -> fromText v -- if present, we try to convert to
-- the right type
route (Proxy :: Proxy sublayout) (subserver param) request respond
where paramname = cs $ symbolVal (Proxy :: Proxy sym)
-- | If you use @'QueryParams' "authors" Text@ in one of the endpoints for your API,
-- this automatically requires your server-side handler to be a function
-- that takes an argument of type @['Text']@.
--
-- This lets servant worry about looking up 0 or more values in the query string
-- associated to @authors@ and turning each of them into a value of
-- the type you specify.
--
-- You can control how the individual values are converted from 'Text' to your type
-- by simply providing an instance of 'FromText' for your type.
--
-- Example:
--
-- > type MyApi = "books" :> QueryParams "authors" Text :> Get [Book]
-- >
-- > server :: Server MyApi
-- > server = getBooksBy
-- > where getBooksBy :: [Text] -> EitherT (Int, String) IO [Book]
-- > getBooksBy authors = ...return all books by these authors...
instance (KnownSymbol sym, FromText a, HasServer sublayout)
=> HasServer (QueryParams sym a :> sublayout) where
type Server (QueryParams sym a :> sublayout) =
[a] -> Server sublayout
route Proxy subserver request respond = do
let querytext = parseQueryText $ rawQueryString request
-- if sym is "foo", we look for query string parameters
-- named "foo" or "foo[]" and call fromText on the
-- corresponding values
parameters = filter looksLikeParam querytext
values = catMaybes $ map (convert . snd) parameters
route (Proxy :: Proxy sublayout) (subserver values) request respond
where paramname = cs $ symbolVal (Proxy :: Proxy sym)
looksLikeParam (name, _) = name == paramname || name == (paramname <> "[]")
convert Nothing = Nothing
convert (Just v) = fromText v
-- | If you use @'QueryFlag' "published"@ in one of the endpoints for your API,
-- this automatically requires your server-side handler to be a function
-- that takes an argument of type 'Bool'.
--
-- Example:
--
-- > type MyApi = "books" :> QueryFlag "published" :> Get [Book]
-- >
-- > server :: Server MyApi
-- > server = getBooks
-- > where getBooks :: Bool -> EitherT (Int, String) IO [Book]
-- > getBooks onlyPublished = ...return all books, or only the ones that are already published, depending on the argument...
instance (KnownSymbol sym, HasServer sublayout)
=> HasServer (QueryFlag sym :> sublayout) where
type Server (QueryFlag sym :> sublayout) =
Bool -> Server sublayout
route Proxy subserver request respond = do
let querytext = parseQueryText $ rawQueryString request
param = case lookup paramname querytext of
Just Nothing -> True -- param is there, with no value
Just (Just v) -> examine v -- param with a value
Nothing -> False -- param not in the query string
route (Proxy :: Proxy sublayout) (subserver param) request respond
where paramname = cs $ symbolVal (Proxy :: Proxy sym)
examine v | v == "true" || v == "1" || v == "" = True
| otherwise = False
-- | Just pass the request to the underlying application and serve its response.
--
-- Example:
--
-- > type MyApi = "images" :> Raw
-- >
-- > server :: Server MyApi
-- > server = serveDirectory "/var/www/images"
instance HasServer Raw where
type Server Raw = Application
route Proxy rawApplication request respond =
rawApplication request (respond . succeedWith)
-- | If you use 'ReqBody' in one of the endpoints for your API,
-- this automatically requires your server-side handler to be a function
-- that takes an argument of the type specified by 'ReqBody'.
-- This lets servant worry about extracting it from the request and turning
-- it into a value of the type you specify.
--
-- All it asks is for a 'FromJSON' instance.
--
-- Example:
--
-- > type MyApi = "books" :> ReqBody Book :> Post Book
-- >
-- > server :: Server MyApi
-- > server = postBook
-- > where postBook :: Book -> EitherT (Int, String) IO Book
-- > postBook book = ...insert into your db...
instance (FromJSON a, HasServer sublayout)
=> HasServer (ReqBody a :> sublayout) where
type Server (ReqBody a :> sublayout) =
a -> Server sublayout
route Proxy subserver request respond = do
mrqbody <- decode' <$> lazyRequestBody request
case mrqbody of
Nothing -> respond $ failWith InvalidBody
Just v -> route (Proxy :: Proxy sublayout) (subserver v) request respond
-- | Make sure the incoming request starts with @"/path"@, strip it and
-- pass the rest of the request path to @sublayout@.
instance (KnownSymbol path, HasServer sublayout) => HasServer (path :> sublayout) where
type Server (path :> sublayout) = Server sublayout
route Proxy subserver request respond = case pathInfo request of
(first : rest)
| first == cs (symbolVal proxyPath)
-> route (Proxy :: Proxy sublayout) subserver request{
pathInfo = rest
} respond
_ -> respond $ failWith NotFound
where proxyPath = Proxy :: Proxy path