MANUAL.txt simplify and add more structure
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MANUAL.txt
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MANUAL.txt
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@ -11,13 +11,16 @@ Description
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===========
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Pandoc is a [Haskell] library for converting from one markup format to
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another, and a command-line tool that uses this library. It can read
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[Markdown], [CommonMark], [PHP Markdown Extra], [GitHub-Flavored
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Markdown], [MultiMarkdown], and (subsets of) [Textile],
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another, and a command-line tool that uses this library.
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Pandoc can read [Markdown], [CommonMark], [PHP Markdown Extra],
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[GitHub-Flavored Markdown], [MultiMarkdown], and (subsets of) [Textile],
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[reStructuredText], [HTML], [LaTeX], [MediaWiki markup], [TWiki
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markup], [TikiWiki markup], [Creole 1.0], [Haddock markup], [OPML],
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[Emacs Org mode], [DocBook], [JATS], [Muse], [txt2tags], [Vimwiki],
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[EPUB], [ODT], and [Word docx]; and it can write plain text, [Markdown],
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[EPUB], [ODT], and [Word docx].
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Pandoc can write plain text, [Markdown],
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[CommonMark], [PHP Markdown Extra], [GitHub-Flavored Markdown],
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[MultiMarkdown], [reStructuredText], [XHTML], [HTML5], [LaTeX]
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\(including [`beamer`] slide shows\), [ConTeXt], [RTF], [OPML],
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@ -30,21 +33,20 @@ Simple], [Muse], [PowerPoint] slide shows and [Slidy], [Slideous],
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[PDF] output on systems where LaTeX, ConTeXt, `pdfroff`,
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`wkhtmltopdf`, `prince`, or `weasyprint` is installed.
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Pandoc's enhanced version of Markdown includes syntax for [footnotes],
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[tables], flexible [ordered lists], [definition lists], [fenced code
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blocks], [superscripts and subscripts], [strikeout], [metadata blocks],
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automatic tables of contents, embedded LaTeX [math], [citations], and
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[Markdown inside HTML block elements][Extension:
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`markdown_in_html_blocks`]. (These enhancements, described further under
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[Pandoc's Markdown], can be disabled using the `markdown_strict` input
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or output format.)
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Pandoc's enhanced version of Markdown includes syntax for [tables],
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[definition lists], [metadata blocks], [`Div` blocks][Extension:
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`fenced_divs`], [footnotes] and [citations], embedded
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[LaTeX][Extension: `raw_tex`] (incl. [math]), [Markdown inside HTML
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block elements][Extension: `markdown_in_html_blocks`], and much more.
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These enhancements, described further under [Pandoc's Markdown],
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can be disabled using the `markdown_strict` format.
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In contrast to most existing tools for converting Markdown to HTML, which
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use regex substitutions, pandoc has a modular design: it consists of a
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set of readers, which parse text in a given format and produce a native
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representation of the document, and a set of writers, which convert
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Pandoc has a modular design: it consists of a set of readers, which parse
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text in a given format and produce a native representation of the document
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(like an _abstract syntax tree_ or AST), and a set of writers, which convert
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this native representation into a target format. Thus, adding an input
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or output format requires only adding a reader or writer.
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or output format requires only adding a reader or writer. Users can also
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run custom [pandoc filters] to modify the intermediate AST.
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Because pandoc's intermediate representation of a document is less
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expressive than many of the formats it converts between, one should
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@ -109,45 +111,32 @@ Markdown can be expected to be lossy.
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Using `pandoc`
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--------------
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If no *input-file* is specified, input is read from *stdin*.
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Otherwise, the *input-files* are concatenated (with a blank
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line between each) and used as input. Output goes to *stdout* by
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default (though output to the terminal is disabled for the
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`odt`, `docx`, `epub2`, and `epub3` output formats, unless it is
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forced using `-o -`). For output to a file, use the `-o`
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option:
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If no *input-files* are specified, input is read from *stdin*.
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Output goes to *stdout* by default. For output to a file,
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use the `-o` option:
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pandoc -o output.html input.txt
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By default, pandoc produces a document fragment, not a standalone
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document with a proper header and footer. To produce a standalone
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document, use the `-s` or `--standalone` flag:
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By default, pandoc produces a document fragment. To produce a standalone
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document (e.g. a valid HTML file including `<head>` and `<body>`),
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use the `-s` or `--standalone` flag:
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pandoc -s -o output.html input.txt
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For more information on how standalone documents are produced, see
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[Templates], below.
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Instead of a file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
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pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
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pandoc -f html -t markdown http://www.fsf.org
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It is possible to supply a custom User-Agent string or other
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header when requesting a document from a URL:
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pandoc -f html -t markdown --request-header User-Agent:"Mozilla/5.0" \
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http://www.fsf.org
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[Templates] below.
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If multiple input files are given, `pandoc` will concatenate them all (with
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blank lines between them) before parsing. This feature is disabled for
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binary input formats such as `EPUB`, `odt`, and `docx`.
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blank lines between them) before parsing. (Use `--file-scope` to parse files
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individually.)
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Specifying formats
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------------------
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The format of the input and output can be specified explicitly using
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command-line options. The input format can be specified using the
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`-r/--read` or `-f/--from` options, the output format using the
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`-w/--write` or `-t/--to` options. Thus, to convert `hello.txt` from
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Markdown to LaTeX, you could type:
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`-f/--from` option, the output format using the `-t/--to` option.
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Thus, to convert `hello.txt` from Markdown to LaTeX, you could type:
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pandoc -f markdown -t latex hello.txt
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@ -155,14 +144,11 @@ To convert `hello.html` from HTML to Markdown:
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pandoc -f html -t markdown hello.html
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Supported output formats are listed below under the `-t/--to` option.
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Supported input formats are listed below under the `-f/--from` option. Note
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that the `rst`, `textile`, `latex`, and `html` readers are not complete;
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there are some constructs that they do not parse.
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Supported input and output formats are listed below under [Options].
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If the input or output format is not specified explicitly, `pandoc`
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will attempt to guess it from the extensions of
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the input and output filenames. Thus, for example,
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will attempt to guess it from the extensions of the filenames.
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Thus, for example,
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pandoc -o hello.tex hello.txt
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@ -171,7 +157,10 @@ is specified (so that output goes to *stdout*), or if the output file's
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extension is unknown, the output format will default to HTML.
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If no input file is specified (so that input comes from *stdin*), or
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if the input files' extensions are unknown, the input format will
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be assumed to be Markdown unless explicitly specified.
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be assumed to be Markdown.
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Character encoding
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------------------
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Pandoc uses the UTF-8 character encoding for both input and output.
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If your local character encoding is not UTF-8, you
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@ -189,30 +178,12 @@ will only be included if you use the `-s/--standalone` option.
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Creating a PDF
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--------------
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To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension.
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By default, pandoc will use LaTeX to create the PDF:
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To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension:
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pandoc test.txt -o test.pdf
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Production of a PDF requires that a LaTeX engine be installed (see
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`--pdf-engine`, below), and assumes that the following LaTeX packages
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are available: [`amsfonts`], [`amsmath`], [`lm`], [`unicode-math`],
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[`ifxetex`], [`ifluatex`], [`listings`] (if the
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`--listings` option is used), [`fancyvrb`], [`longtable`],
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[`booktabs`], [`graphicx`] and [`grffile`] (if the document
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contains images), [`hyperref`], [`xcolor`] (with `colorlinks`), [`ulem`], [`geometry`] (with the
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`geometry` variable set), [`setspace`] (with `linestretch`), and
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[`babel`] (with `lang`). The use of `xelatex` or `lualatex` as
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the LaTeX engine requires [`fontspec`]. `xelatex` uses
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[`polyglossia`] (with `lang`), [`xecjk`], and [`bidi`] (with the
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`dir` variable set). If the `mathspec` variable is set,
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`xelatex` will use [`mathspec`] instead of [`unicode-math`].
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The [`upquote`] and [`microtype`] packages are used if
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available, and [`csquotes`] will be used for [typography]
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if added to the template or included in any header file. The
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[`natbib`], [`biblatex`], [`bibtex`], and [`biber`] packages can
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optionally be used for [citation rendering]. These are included
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with all recent versions of [TeX Live].
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By default, pandoc will use LaTeX to create the PDF, which requires
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that a LaTeX engine be installed (see `--pdf-engine` below).
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Alternatively, pandoc can use [ConTeXt], `pdfroff`, or any of the
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following HTML/CSS-to-PDF-engines, to create a PDF: [`wkhtmltopdf`],
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@ -228,6 +199,29 @@ If `wkhtmltopdf` is used, then the variables `margin-left`,
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`margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`, and `papersize`
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will affect the output.
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To debug the PDF creation, it can be useful to look at the intermediate
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representation: instead of `-o test.pdf`, use for example `-s -o test.tex`
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to output the generated LaTeX. You can then test it with `pdflatex test.tex`.
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When using LaTeX, the following packages need to be available
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(they are included with all recent versions of [TeX Live]):
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[`amsfonts`], [`amsmath`], [`lm`], [`unicode-math`],
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[`ifxetex`], [`ifluatex`], [`listings`] (if the
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`--listings` option is used), [`fancyvrb`], [`longtable`],
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[`booktabs`], [`graphicx`] and [`grffile`] (if the document
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contains images), [`hyperref`], [`xcolor`] (with `colorlinks`), [`ulem`], [`geometry`] (with the
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`geometry` variable set), [`setspace`] (with `linestretch`), and
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[`babel`] (with `lang`). The use of `xelatex` or `lualatex` as
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the LaTeX engine requires [`fontspec`]. `xelatex` uses
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[`polyglossia`] (with `lang`), [`xecjk`], and [`bidi`] (with the
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`dir` variable set). If the `mathspec` variable is set,
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`xelatex` will use [`mathspec`] instead of [`unicode-math`].
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The [`upquote`] and [`microtype`] packages are used if
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available, and [`csquotes`] will be used for [typography]
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if added to the template or included in any header file. The
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[`natbib`], [`biblatex`], [`bibtex`], and [`biber`] packages can
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optionally be used for [citation rendering].
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[`amsfonts`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts
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[`amsmath`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath
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[`lm`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/lm
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@ -262,6 +256,20 @@ will affect the output.
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[`weasyprint`]: http://weasyprint.org
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[`prince`]: https://www.princexml.com/
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Reading from the Web
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--------------------
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Instead of an input file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
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pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
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pandoc -f html -t markdown http://www.fsf.org
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It is possible to supply a custom User-Agent string or other
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header when requesting a document from a URL:
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pandoc -f html -t markdown --request-header User-Agent:"Mozilla/5.0" \
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http://www.fsf.org
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Options
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=======
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@ -318,9 +326,8 @@ General options
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below). (`markdown_github` provides deprecated and less accurate
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support for Github-Flavored Markdown; please use `gfm` instead,
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unless you use extensions that do not work with `gfm`.) Note that
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`odt`, `epub`, and `epub3` output will not be directed to
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*stdout*; an output filename must be specified using the
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`-o/--output` option. Extensions can be individually enabled or
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`odt`, `docx`, and `epub` output will not be directed to *stdout*
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unless forced with `-o -`. Extensions can be individually enabled or
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disabled by appending `+EXTENSION` or `-EXTENSION` to the format
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name. See [Extensions] below, for a list of extensions and their
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names. See `--list-output-formats` and `--list-extensions`, below.
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@ -389,7 +396,7 @@ General options
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`--list-extensions`[`=`*FORMAT*]
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: List supported Markdown extensions, one per line, preceded
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: List supported extensions, one per line, preceded
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by a `+` or `-` indicating whether it is enabled by default
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in *FORMAT*. If *FORMAT* is not specified, defaults for
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pandoc's Markdown are given.
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