LaTeX template: Ensure correct heading/table order (#5421)

Improve the workaround for #1658, adapting a solution by @u-fischer in
<https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/issues/131> that works whether or not
the `indent` variable is enabled.

Remove `subparagraph` variable in LaTeX template.  The default is now
to use run-in style for level 4 and 5 headings (`\paragraph` and `\subparagraph`).
To get the previous default behavior (where these were formatted as blocks,
like `\subsubsection`), set the `block-headings` variable.

An example is given in the manual of reformatting the appearance of headings
more thoroughly using KOMA-Script.

Closes #5365.

MANUAL.txt

@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ General options {.options}
 [XHTML]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
 [LaTeX]: http://latex-project.org
 [`beamer`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer
-[Beamer User's Guide]: http://ctan.math.utah.edu/ctan/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf
+[Beamer User's Guide]: http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf
 [ConTeXt]: http://www.contextgarden.net/
 [Rich Text Format]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format
 [DocBook]: http://docbook.org
@@ -1550,17 +1550,51 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
 
 ### Layout
 
+`block-headings`
+:   make `\paragraph` and `\subparagraph` (fourth- and fifth-level headings, or
+    fifth- and sixth-level with book classes) free-standing rather than run-in;
+    requires further formatting to distinguish from `\subsubsection` (third- or
+    fourth-level headings). Instead of using this option, [KOMA-Script] can adjust
+    headings more extensively:
+
+        ---
+        documentclass: scrartcl
+        header-includes: |
+          \RedeclareSectionCommand[
+            beforeskip=-10pt plus -2pt minus -1pt,
+            afterskip=1sp plus -1sp minus 1sp,
+            font=\normalfont\itshape]{paragraph}
+          \RedeclareSectionCommand[
+            beforeskip=-10pt plus -2pt minus -1pt,
+            afterskip=1sp plus -1sp minus 1sp,
+            font=\normalfont\scshape,
+            indent=0pt]{subparagraph}
+        ...
+
 `classoption`
-:   option for document class, e.g. `oneside`; repeat for multiple options
+:   option for document class, e.g. `oneside`; repeat for multiple options:
+
+        ---
+        classoption:
+        - twocolumn
+        - landscape
+        ...
 
 `documentclass`
-:   document class: usually one of the standard classes, [`article`], [`report`],
+:   document class: usually one of the standard classes, [`article`], [`book`],
-    and [`book`]; the [KOMA-Script] equivalents, `scrartcl`, `scrreprt`,
+    and [`report`]; the [KOMA-Script] equivalents, `scrartcl`, `scrbook`,
-    and `scrbook`, which default to smaller margins; or [`memoir`]
+    and `scrreprt`, which default to smaller margins; or [`memoir`]
 
 `geometry`
 :   option for [`geometry`] package, e.g. `margin=1in`;
-    repeat for multiple options
+    repeat for multiple options:
+
+        ---
+        geometry:
+        - top=30mm
+        - left=20mm
+        - heightrounded
+        ...
 
 `indent`
 :   uses document class settings for indentation (the default LaTeX template
@@ -1586,10 +1620,6 @@ Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
 :   numbering depth for sections (with `--number-sections` option
     or `numbersections` variable)
 
-`subparagraph`
-:   disables default behavior of LaTeX template that redefines (sub)paragraphs
-    as sections, changing the appearance of nested headings in some classes
-
 ### Fonts
 
 `fontenc`

data/templates/default.latex

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ $endif$
 \ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
   \usepackage[$if(fontenc)$$fontenc$$else$T1$endif$]{fontenc}
   \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
-  \usepackage{textcomp} % provides euro and other symbols
+  \usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
 \else % if luatex or xetex
 $if(mathspec)$
   \ifxetex
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ $endif$
   pdfcreator={LaTeX via pandoc}}
 \urlstyle{same} % disable monospaced font for URLs
 $if(verbatim-in-note)$
-\VerbatimFootnotes % allows verbatim text in footnotes
+\VerbatimFootnotes % allow verbatim text in footnotes
 $endif$
 $if(geometry)$
 \usepackage[$for(geometry)$$geometry$$sep$,$endfor$]{geometry}
@@ -252,6 +252,11 @@ $if(beamer)$
 \def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
 \makeatother
 $else$
+% Correct order of tables after \paragraph or \subparagraph
+\usepackage{etoolbox}
+\makeatletter
+\patchcmd\longtable{\par}{\if@noskipsec\mbox{}\fi\par}{}{}
+\makeatother
 % Allow footnotes in longtable head/foot
 \IfFileExists{footnotehyper.sty}{\usepackage{footnotehyper}}{\usepackage{footnote}}
 \makesavenoteenv{longtable}
@@ -291,9 +296,8 @@ $else$
 $endif$
 $if(beamer)$
 $else$
-$if(subparagraph)$
+$if(block-headings)$
-$else$
+% Make \paragraph and \subparagraph free-standing
-% Redefines (sub)paragraphs to behave more like sections
 \ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
   \let\oldparagraph\paragraph
   \renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
@@ -307,7 +311,6 @@ $endif$
 $if(pagestyle)$
 \pagestyle{$pagestyle$}
 $endif$
-
 $for(header-includes)$
 $header-includes$
 $endfor$

test/lhs-test.latex

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 \ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
   \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
   \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
-  \usepackage{textcomp} % provides euro and other symbols
+  \usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
 \else % if luatex or xetex
   \usepackage{unicode-math}
   \defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
@@ -81,16 +81,6 @@
 \providecommand{\tightlist}{%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
 \setcounter{secnumdepth}{-\maxdimen} % remove section numbering
-% Redefines (sub)paragraphs to behave more like sections
-\ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
-  \let\oldparagraph\paragraph
-  \renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
-\fi
-\ifx\subparagraph\undefined\else
-  \let\oldsubparagraph\subparagraph
-  \renewcommand{\subparagraph}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
-\fi
-
 
 \date{}
 

test/lhs-test.latex+lhs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 \ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
   \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
   \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
-  \usepackage{textcomp} % provides euro and other symbols
+  \usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
 \else % if luatex or xetex
   \usepackage{unicode-math}
   \defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
@@ -48,16 +48,6 @@
 \providecommand{\tightlist}{%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
 \setcounter{secnumdepth}{-\maxdimen} % remove section numbering
-% Redefines (sub)paragraphs to behave more like sections
-\ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
-  \let\oldparagraph\paragraph
-  \renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
-\fi
-\ifx\subparagraph\undefined\else
-  \let\oldsubparagraph\subparagraph
-  \renewcommand{\subparagraph}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
-\fi
-
 
 \date{}
 

test/writer.latex

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 \ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
   \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
   \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
-  \usepackage{textcomp} % provides euro and other symbols
+  \usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
 \else % if luatex or xetex
   \usepackage{unicode-math}
   \defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
   hidelinks,
   pdfcreator={LaTeX via pandoc}}
 \urlstyle{same} % disable monospaced font for URLs
-\VerbatimFootnotes % allows verbatim text in footnotes
+\VerbatimFootnotes % allow verbatim text in footnotes
 \usepackage{graphicx,grffile}
 \makeatletter
 \def\maxwidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth\linewidth\else\Gin@nat@width\fi}
@@ -63,16 +63,6 @@
 \providecommand{\tightlist}{%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
 \setcounter{secnumdepth}{-\maxdimen} % remove section numbering
-% Redefines (sub)paragraphs to behave more like sections
-\ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
-  \let\oldparagraph\paragraph
-  \renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
-\fi
-\ifx\subparagraph\undefined\else
-  \let\oldsubparagraph\subparagraph
-  \renewcommand{\subparagraph}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
-\fi
-
 
 \title{Pandoc Test Suite}
 \author{John MacFarlane \and Anonymous}

test/writers-lang-and-dir.latex

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 \ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
   \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
   \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
-  \usepackage{textcomp} % provides euro and other symbols
+  \usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
 \else % if luatex or xetex
   \usepackage{unicode-math}
   \defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
@@ -44,16 +44,6 @@
 \providecommand{\tightlist}{%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
 \setcounter{secnumdepth}{-\maxdimen} % remove section numbering
-% Redefines (sub)paragraphs to behave more like sections
-\ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
-  \let\oldparagraph\paragraph
-  \renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
-\fi
-\ifx\subparagraph\undefined\else
-  \let\oldsubparagraph\subparagraph
-  \renewcommand{\subparagraph}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
-\fi
-
 \ifxetex
   % Load polyglossia as late as possible: uses bidi with RTL langages (e.g. Hebrew, Arabic)
   \usepackage{polyglossia}