MANUAL.txt - use axt headers consistently.
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MANUAL.txt
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MANUAL.txt
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@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
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% Pandoc User's Guide
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% John MacFarlane
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% July 6, 2019
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---
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title: Pandoc User's Guide
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author: John MacFarlane
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date: September 29, 2019
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---
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Synopsis
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========
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# Synopsis
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`pandoc` [*options*] [*input-file*]...
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Description
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===========
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# Description
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Pandoc is a [Haskell] library for converting from one markup format to
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another, and a command-line tool that uses this library.
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@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ model. While conversions from pandoc's Markdown to all formats aspire
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to be perfect, conversions from formats more expressive than pandoc's
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Markdown can be expected to be lossy.
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Using pandoc
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------------
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## Using pandoc
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If no *input-files* are specified, input is read from *stdin*.
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Output goes to *stdout* by default. For output to a file,
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@ -62,8 +61,7 @@ If multiple input files are given, `pandoc` will concatenate them all (with
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blank lines between them) before parsing. (Use `--file-scope` to parse files
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individually.)
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Specifying formats
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------------------
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## Specifying formats
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The format of the input and output can be specified explicitly using
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command-line options. The input format can be specified using the
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@ -95,8 +93,7 @@ If no input file is specified (so that input comes from *stdin*), or
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if the input files' extensions are unknown, the input format will
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be assumed to be Markdown.
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Character encoding
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------------------
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## Character encoding
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Pandoc uses the UTF-8 character encoding for both input and output.
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If your local character encoding is not UTF-8, you
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@ -111,8 +108,7 @@ will only be included if you use the `-s/--standalone` option.
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[`iconv`]: http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
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Creating a PDF
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--------------
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## Creating a PDF
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To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension:
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@ -206,8 +202,7 @@ footnotes in tables).
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Reading from the Web
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--------------------
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## Reading from the Web
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Instead of an input file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
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pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
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@ -220,11 +215,9 @@ header when requesting a document from a URL:
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pandoc -f html -t markdown --request-header User-Agent:"Mozilla/5.0" \
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http://www.fsf.org
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Options
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=======
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# Options
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General options {.options}
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---------------
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## General options {.options}
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`-f` *FORMAT*, `-r` *FORMAT*, `--from=`*FORMAT*, `--read=`*FORMAT*
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[PowerPoint]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint
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[Vimwiki]: https://vimwiki.github.io
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Reader options {.options}
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--------------
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## Reader options {.options}
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`--shift-heading-level-by=`*NUMBER*
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[perl]: https://metacpan.org/pod/Pandoc::Filter
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[JavaScript/node.js]: https://github.com/mvhenderson/pandoc-filter-node
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General writer options {.options}
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----------------------
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## General writer options {.options}
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`-s`, `--standalone`
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downloaded). If you're behind a proxy, you also need to set
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the environment variable `http_proxy` to `http://...`.
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Options affecting specific writers {.options}
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----------------------------------
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## Options affecting specific writers {.options}
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`--self-contained`
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[Encoding issue with the listings package]:
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https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Source_Code_Listings#Encoding_issue
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Citation rendering {.options}
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------------------
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## Citation rendering {.options}
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`--bibliography=`*FILE*
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with the `pandoc-citeproc` filter or with PDF output. It is intended for
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use in producing a LaTeX file that can be processed with [`bibtex`] or [`biber`].
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Math rendering in HTML {.options}
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----------------------
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## Math rendering in HTML {.options}
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The default is to render TeX math as far as possible using Unicode characters.
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Formulas are put inside a `span` with `class="math"`, so that they may be styled
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@ -1356,8 +1344,7 @@ of the following options.
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[KaTeX]: https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX
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[GladTeX]: http://humenda.github.io/GladTeX/
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Options for wrapper scripts {.options}
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---------------------------
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## Options for wrapper scripts {.options}
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`--dump-args`
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pandoc -o foo.html -s
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Exit codes
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==========
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# Exit codes
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If pandoc completes successfully, it will return exit code 0.
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Nonzero exit codes have the following meanings:
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97 PandocCouldNotFindDataFileError
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99 PandocResourceNotFound
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Templates
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=========
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# Templates
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When the `-s/--standalone` option is used, pandoc uses a template to
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add header and footer material that is needed for a self-standing
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[pandoc-templates]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates
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Template syntax
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---------------
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## Template syntax
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To mark variables and control structures in the template, either
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`$`...`$` or `${`...`}` may be used as delimiters. The styles
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@ -1701,8 +1685,7 @@ $endfor$
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```
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Metadata variables
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------------------
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## Metadata variables
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`title`, `author`, `date`
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: allow identification of basic aspects of the document. Included
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properties and `subtitle` as a custom property when converting to docx,
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ODT or pptx.
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Language variables
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------------------
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## Language variables
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`lang`
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: identifies the main language of the document using IETF language
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[Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm]: http://www.w3.org/International/articles/inline-bidi-markup/uba-basics
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[Language subtag lookup]: https://r12a.github.io/app-subtags/
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Variables for HTML slides
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-------------------------
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## Variables for HTML slides
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These affect HTML output when [producing slide shows with pandoc].
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[reveal.js configuration options]: https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#configuration
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Variables for Beamer slides
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---------------------------
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## Variables for Beamer slides
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These variables change the appearance of PDF slides using [`beamer`].
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`titlegraphic`
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: image for title slide
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Variables for PowerPoint slide shows
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--------------------------------------
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## Variables for PowerPoint slide shows
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These variables control the visual aspects of a slide show that are not easily
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controled via templates.
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@ -1880,8 +1859,7 @@ controled via templates.
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`monofont`
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: font to use for code.
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Variables for LaTeX
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-------------------
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## Variables for LaTeX
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Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with a LaTeX engine.
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[`memoir`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/memoir
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[`report`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/report
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Variables for ConTeXt
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---------------------
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## Variables for ConTeXt
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Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with ConTeXt.
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[`setupinterlinespace`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setupinterlinespace
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[`setuppagenumbering`]: https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Command/setuppagenumbering
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Variables for `wkhtmltopdf`
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---------------------------
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## Variables for `wkhtmltopdf`
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Pandoc uses these variables when [creating a PDF] with [`wkhtmltopdf`].
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The `--css` option also affects the output.
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`papersize`
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: sets the PDF paper size
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Variables for man pages
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-----------------------
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## Variables for man pages
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`adjusting`
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: adjusts text to left (`l`), right (`r`), center (`c`),
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`section`
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: section number in man pages
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Variables for ms
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----------------
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## Variables for ms
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`fontfamily`
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: font family (e.g. `T` or `P`)
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`pointsize`
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: point size (e.g. `10p`)
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Structural variables
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--------------------
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## Structural variables
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Pandoc sets these variables automatically in response to [options] or
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document contents; users can also modify them. These vary depending
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@ -2275,8 +2248,7 @@ on the output format, and include the following:
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[pandoc-templates]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates
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Extensions
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==========
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# Extensions
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The behavior of some of the readers and writers can be adjusted by
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enabling or disabling various extensions.
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affect Markdown cells in Jupyter notebooks (as do command-line
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options like `--atx-headers`).
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Typography
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----------
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## Typography
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#### Extension: `smart` ####
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to use the ligatures when possible; if `smart` is disabled
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pandoc will use unicode quotation mark and dash characters.
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Headings and sections
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---------------------
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## Headings and sections
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#### Extension: `auto_identifiers` ####
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uppercase characters to lowercase characters, and punctuation
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characters other than `-` and `_` are removed.
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Math Input
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----------
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## Math Input
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The extensions [`tex_math_dollars`](#extension-tex_math_dollars),
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[`tex_math_single_backslash`](#extension-tex_math_single_backslash), and
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@ -2424,8 +2393,7 @@ are described in the section about Pandoc's Markdown.
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However, they can also be used with HTML input. This is handy for
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reading web pages formatted using MathJax, for example.
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Raw HTML/TeX
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------------
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## Raw HTML/TeX
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The following extensions (especially how they affect Markdown
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input/output) are also described in more detail in their respective
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@ -2475,8 +2443,7 @@ When converting HTML to Markdown, for example, you may want to drop all
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Analogous to `native_divs` above.
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Literate Haskell support
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------------------------
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## Literate Haskell support
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#### Extension: `literate_haskell` ####
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literate code blocks (e.g. inside an itemized environment) will not be
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picked up by the Haskell compiler.
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Other extensions
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----------------
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## Other extensions
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#### Extension: `empty_paragraphs` ####
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@ -2593,8 +2559,7 @@ Natural tables allow more fine-grained global customization but come
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at a performance penalty compared to extreme tables.
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Pandoc's Markdown
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=================
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# Pandoc's Markdown
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Pandoc understands an extended and slightly revised version of
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John Gruber's [Markdown] syntax. This document explains the syntax,
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@ -2604,8 +2569,7 @@ of `markdown`. Extensions can be enabled or disabled to specify the
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behavior more granularly. They are described in the following. See also
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[Extensions] above, for extensions that work also on other formats.
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Philosophy
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----------
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## Philosophy
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Markdown is designed to be easy to write, and, even more importantly,
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easy to read:
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@ -2626,8 +2590,7 @@ it discourages it, and provides other, non-HTMLish ways of representing
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important document elements like definition lists, tables, mathematics, and
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footnotes.
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Paragraphs
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----------
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## Paragraphs
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A paragraph is one or more lines of text followed by one or more blank lines.
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Newlines are treated as spaces, so you can reflow your paragraphs as you like.
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|
@ -2640,8 +2603,7 @@ Note: in multiline and grid table cells, this is the only way
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to create a hard line break, since trailing spaces in the cells
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are ignored.
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Headings
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--------
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## Headings
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There are two kinds of headings: Setext and ATX.
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|
@ -2772,8 +2734,7 @@ link will point to `bar`, not to `#foo`:
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See [foo]
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Block quotations
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----------------
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## Block quotations
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Markdown uses email conventions for quoting blocks of text.
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A block quotation is one or more paragraphs or other block elements
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@ -2823,8 +2784,7 @@ not produce a nested block quote in pandoc:
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>> Nested.
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Verbatim (code) blocks
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----------------------
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## Verbatim (code) blocks
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### Indented code blocks ###
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|
@ -2930,8 +2890,7 @@ To set the highlighting style, use `--highlight-style`.
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For more information on highlighting, see [Syntax highlighting],
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below.
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Line blocks
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-----------
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## Line blocks
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#### Extension: `line_blocks` ####
|
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|
@ -2959,8 +2918,7 @@ line must begin with a space.
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This syntax is borrowed from [reStructuredText].
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Lists
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-----
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## Lists
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### Bullet lists ###
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|
@ -3291,8 +3249,7 @@ of one big list:
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2. dos
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3. tres
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Horizontal rules
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----------------
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## Horizontal rules
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A line containing a row of three or more `*`, `-`, or `_` characters
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(optionally separated by spaces) produces a horizontal rule:
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|
@ -3302,8 +3259,7 @@ A line containing a row of three or more `*`, `-`, or `_` characters
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---------------
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Tables
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------
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## Tables
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|
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Four kinds of tables may be used. The first three kinds presuppose the use of
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a fixed-width font, such as Courier. The fourth kind can be used with
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|
@ -3517,8 +3473,7 @@ you'll need to add colons as above.
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|
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[PHP Markdown Extra tables]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/#table
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Metadata blocks
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---------------
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## Metadata blocks
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#### Extension: `pandoc_title_block` ####
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|
@ -3694,8 +3649,7 @@ will be interpreted as markdown. For example:
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\renewcommand{\section}[1]{\clearpage\oldsection{#1}}
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```
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Backslash escapes
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-----------------
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## Backslash escapes
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#### Extension: `all_symbols_escapable` ####
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|
@ -3733,8 +3687,7 @@ two trailing spaces on a line.
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Backslash escapes do not work in verbatim contexts.
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Inline formatting
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-----------------
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## Inline formatting
|
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### Emphasis ###
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|
@ -3836,8 +3789,7 @@ For compatibility with other Markdown flavors, CSS is also supported:
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This will work in all output formats that support small caps.
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Math
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----
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## Math
|
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|
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#### Extension: `tex_math_dollars` ####
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|
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|
@ -3912,8 +3864,7 @@ HTML, Slidy, DZSlides, S5, EPUB
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[interpreted text role `:math:`]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/roles.html#math
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Raw HTML
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--------
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## Raw HTML
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#### Extension: `raw_html` ####
|
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|
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|
@ -4059,8 +4010,7 @@ example, to use a raw attribute with a backtick code block,
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The raw attribute cannot be combined with regular attributes.
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LaTeX macros
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------------
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## LaTeX macros
|
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|
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#### Extension: `latex_macros` ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -4084,8 +4034,7 @@ you are targeting LaTeX or PDF.
|
|||
Whether or not `latex_macros` is enabled, the macro definitions
|
||||
will still be passed through as raw LaTeX.
|
||||
|
||||
Links
|
||||
-----
|
||||
## Links
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown allows links to be specified in several ways.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -4193,8 +4142,7 @@ or
|
|||
Internal links are currently supported for HTML formats (including
|
||||
HTML slide shows and EPUB), LaTeX, and ConTeXt.
|
||||
|
||||
Images
|
||||
------
|
||||
## Images
|
||||
|
||||
A link immediately preceded by a `!` will be treated as an image.
|
||||
The link text will be used as the image's alt text:
|
||||
|
@ -4274,8 +4222,7 @@ For example:
|
|||
is to look at the image resolution and the dpi metadata embedded in
|
||||
the image file.
|
||||
|
||||
Divs and Spans
|
||||
--------------
|
||||
## Divs and Spans
|
||||
|
||||
Using the `native_divs` and `native_spans` extensions
|
||||
(see [above][Extension: `native_divs`]), HTML syntax can
|
||||
|
@ -4331,8 +4278,7 @@ followed immediately by attributes:
|
|||
|
||||
[This is *some text*]{.class key="val"}
|
||||
|
||||
Footnotes
|
||||
---------
|
||||
## Footnotes
|
||||
|
||||
#### Extension: `footnotes` ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -4378,8 +4324,7 @@ they cannot contain multiple paragraphs). The syntax is as follows:
|
|||
|
||||
Inline and regular footnotes may be mixed freely.
|
||||
|
||||
Citations
|
||||
---------
|
||||
## Citations
|
||||
|
||||
#### Extension: `citations` ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -4591,8 +4536,7 @@ For more information, see the [pandoc-citeproc man page].
|
|||
[CSL locale files]: https://github.com/citation-style-language/locales
|
||||
[pandoc-citeproc man page]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-citeproc/blob/master/man/pandoc-citeproc.1.md
|
||||
|
||||
Non-pandoc extensions
|
||||
---------------------
|
||||
## Non-pandoc extensions
|
||||
|
||||
The following Markdown syntax extensions are not enabled by default
|
||||
in pandoc, but may be enabled by adding `+EXTENSION` to the format
|
||||
|
@ -4754,8 +4698,7 @@ for regular emphasis, add extra blank space around headings.
|
|||
|
||||
[Project Gutenberg]: https://www.gutenberg.org
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown variants
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
## Markdown variants
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to pandoc's extended Markdown, the following Markdown
|
||||
variants are supported:
|
||||
|
@ -4806,8 +4749,7 @@ only affects `gfm` output, not input.
|
|||
`lists_without_preceding_blankline`.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Producing slide shows with pandoc
|
||||
=================================
|
||||
# Producing slide shows with pandoc
|
||||
|
||||
You can use pandoc to produce an HTML + JavaScript slide presentation
|
||||
that can be viewed via a web browser. There are five ways to do this,
|
||||
|
@ -4879,8 +4821,7 @@ To produce a Powerpoint slide show, type
|
|||
|
||||
pandoc habits.txt -o habits.pptx
|
||||
|
||||
Structuring the slide show
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
## Structuring the slide show
|
||||
|
||||
By default, the *slide level* is the highest heading level in
|
||||
the hierarchy that is followed immediately by content, and not another
|
||||
|
@ -4921,8 +4862,7 @@ layout will be produced, with level-1 headings building horizontally
|
|||
and level-2 headings building vertically. It is not recommended that
|
||||
you use deeper nesting of section levels with reveal.js.
|
||||
|
||||
Incremental lists
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
## Incremental lists
|
||||
|
||||
By default, these writers produce lists that display "all at once."
|
||||
If you want your lists to display incrementally (one item at a time),
|
||||
|
@ -4963,8 +4903,7 @@ in a single document.
|
|||
Note: Neither the `-i/--incremental` option nor any of the
|
||||
methods described here currently works for PowerPoint output.
|
||||
|
||||
Inserting pauses
|
||||
----------------
|
||||
## Inserting pauses
|
||||
|
||||
You can add "pauses" within a slide by including a paragraph containing
|
||||
three dots, separated by spaces:
|
||||
|
@ -4979,8 +4918,7 @@ three dots, separated by spaces:
|
|||
|
||||
Note: this feature is not yet implemented for PowerPoint output.
|
||||
|
||||
Styling the slides
|
||||
------------------
|
||||
## Styling the slides
|
||||
|
||||
You can change the style of HTML slides by putting customized CSS files
|
||||
in `$DATADIR/s5/default` (for S5), `$DATADIR/slidy` (for Slidy),
|
||||
|
@ -5015,8 +4953,7 @@ bibliographies:
|
|||
|
||||
# References {.allowframebreaks}
|
||||
|
||||
Speaker notes
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
## Speaker notes
|
||||
|
||||
Speaker notes are supported in reveal.js and PowerPoint (pptx)
|
||||
output. You can add notes to your Markdown document thus:
|
||||
|
@ -5037,8 +4974,7 @@ in handouts and presenter view.
|
|||
Notes are not yet supported for other slide formats, but the notes
|
||||
will not appear on the slides themselves.
|
||||
|
||||
Columns
|
||||
-------
|
||||
## Columns
|
||||
|
||||
To put material in side by side columns, you can use a native
|
||||
div container with class `columns`, containing two or more div
|
||||
|
@ -5053,8 +4989,7 @@ containers with class `column` and a `width` attribute:
|
|||
:::
|
||||
::::::::::::::
|
||||
|
||||
Frame attributes in beamer
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
## Frame attributes in beamer
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes it is necessary to add the LaTeX `[fragile]` option to
|
||||
a frame in beamer (for example, when using the `minted` environment).
|
||||
|
@ -5068,8 +5003,7 @@ the [Beamer User's Guide] may also be used: `allowdisplaybreaks`,
|
|||
`allowframebreaks`, `b`, `c`, `t`, `environment`, `label`, `plain`,
|
||||
`shrink`, `standout`, `noframenumbering`.
|
||||
|
||||
Background in reveal.js and beamer
|
||||
----------------------------------
|
||||
## Background in reveal.js and beamer
|
||||
|
||||
Background images can be added to self-contained reveal.js slideshows and
|
||||
to beamer slideshows.
|
||||
|
@ -5116,11 +5050,9 @@ Slide 1 has background_image.png as its background.
|
|||
Slide 2 has a special image for its background, even though the heading has no content.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Creating EPUBs with pandoc
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
# Creating EPUBs with pandoc
|
||||
|
||||
EPUB Metadata
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
## EPUB Metadata
|
||||
|
||||
EPUB metadata may be specified using the `--epub-metadata` option, but
|
||||
if the source document is Markdown, it is better to use a [YAML metadata
|
||||
|
@ -5222,8 +5154,7 @@ The following fields are recognized:
|
|||
[MARC relators]: http://loc.gov/marc/relators/relaterm.html
|
||||
[`spine` element]: http://idpf.org/epub/301/spec/epub-publications.html#sec-spine-elem
|
||||
|
||||
The `epub:type` attribute
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
## The `epub:type` attribute
|
||||
|
||||
For `epub3` output, you can mark up the heading that corresponds to an EPUB
|
||||
chapter using the [`epub:type` attribute][epub-type]. For example, to set
|
||||
|
@ -5269,8 +5200,7 @@ index backmatter
|
|||
|
||||
[epub-type]: http://www.idpf.org/epub/31/spec/epub-contentdocs.html#sec-epub-type-attribute
|
||||
|
||||
Linked media
|
||||
------------
|
||||
## Linked media
|
||||
|
||||
By default, pandoc will download media referenced from any `<img>`, `<audio>`,
|
||||
`<video>` or `<source>` element present in the generated EPUB,
|
||||
|
@ -5285,8 +5215,7 @@ with the `src` attribute. For example:
|
|||
</source>
|
||||
</audio>
|
||||
|
||||
Creating Jupyter notebooks with pandoc
|
||||
======================================
|
||||
# Creating Jupyter notebooks with pandoc
|
||||
|
||||
When creating a [Jupyter notebook], pandoc will try to infer the
|
||||
notebook structure. Code blocks with the class `code` will be
|
||||
|
@ -5411,8 +5340,7 @@ soft line breaks in Markdown cells; `--atx-headers` will
|
|||
cause ATX-style headings to be used; and `--preserve-tabs` will
|
||||
prevent tabs from being turned to spaces.
|
||||
|
||||
Syntax highlighting
|
||||
===================
|
||||
# Syntax highlighting
|
||||
|
||||
Pandoc will automatically highlight syntax in [fenced code blocks] that
|
||||
are marked with a language name. The Haskell library [skylighting] is
|
||||
|
@ -5448,13 +5376,11 @@ To disable highlighting, use the `--no-highlight` option.
|
|||
|
||||
[skylighting]: https://github.com/jgm/skylighting
|
||||
|
||||
Custom Styles
|
||||
=============
|
||||
# Custom Styles
|
||||
|
||||
Custom styles can be used in the docx and ICML formats.
|
||||
|
||||
Output
|
||||
------
|
||||
## Output
|
||||
|
||||
By default, pandoc's docx and ICML output applies a predefined set of styles
|
||||
for blocks such as paragraphs and block quotes, and uses largely default
|
||||
|
@ -5501,8 +5427,7 @@ custom styles to work.
|
|||
|
||||
[pandoc filters]: http://pandoc.org/filters.html
|
||||
|
||||
Input
|
||||
-----
|
||||
## Input
|
||||
|
||||
The docx reader, by default, only reads those styles that it can
|
||||
convert into pandoc elements, either by direct conversion or
|
||||
|
@ -5549,8 +5474,7 @@ With these custom styles, you can use your input document as a
|
|||
reference-doc while creating docx output (see below), and maintain the
|
||||
same styles in your input and output files.
|
||||
|
||||
Custom writers
|
||||
==============
|
||||
# Custom writers
|
||||
|
||||
Pandoc can be extended with custom writers written in [lua]. (Pandoc
|
||||
includes a lua interpreter, so lua need not be installed separately.)
|
||||
|
@ -5568,8 +5492,7 @@ which you can modify according to your needs, do
|
|||
|
||||
[lua]: http://www.lua.org
|
||||
|
||||
A note on security
|
||||
==================
|
||||
# A note on security
|
||||
|
||||
If you use pandoc to convert user-contributed content in a web
|
||||
application, here are some things to keep in mind:
|
||||
|
@ -5601,8 +5524,7 @@ application, here are some things to keep in mind:
|
|||
headings, spans, and code blocks. To be safe, you should
|
||||
run all the generated HTML through an HTML sanitizer.
|
||||
|
||||
Authors
|
||||
=======
|
||||
# Authors
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright 2006--2019 John MacFarlane (jgm@berkeley.edu). Released
|
||||
under the [GPL], version 2 or greater. This software carries no
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue