diff --git a/pandoc.cabal b/pandoc.cabal
index 9ed034fe5..a33b8571f 100644
--- a/pandoc.cabal
+++ b/pandoc.cabal
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Library
filemanip >= 0.3 && < 0.4,
cmark >= 0.5 && < 0.6,
doctemplates >= 0.1 && < 0.2,
- ghc-prim >= 0.2
+ free >= 4
if flag(old-locale)
Build-Depends: old-locale >= 1 && < 1.1,
time >= 1.2 && < 1.5
@@ -384,6 +384,7 @@ Library
Text.Pandoc.SelfContained,
Text.Pandoc.Process,
Text.Pandoc.CSS
+ Text.Pandoc.Free
Other-Modules: Text.Pandoc.Readers.Docx.Lists,
Text.Pandoc.Readers.Docx.Combine,
Text.Pandoc.Readers.Docx.Parse,
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Free.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Free.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6a28e87f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Free.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveFunctor #-}
+
+{-
+Copyright (C) 2016 Jesse Rosenthal <jrosenthal@jhu.edu>
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+-}
+
+{- |
+ Module : Text.Pandoc.Free
+ Copyright : Copyright (C) 2016 Jesse Rosenthal
+ License : GNU GPL, version 2 or above
+
+ Maintainer : Jesse Rosenthal <jrosenthal@jhu.edu>
+ Stability : alpha
+ Portability : portable
+
+Pure implementations of the IO monads used in Pandoc's readers and writers.
+-}
+
+module Text.Pandoc.Free ( PandocActionF(..)
+ , PandocAction
+ , runIO
+ , liftF
+ --
+ , lookupEnv
+ , getCurrentTime
+ , getPOSIXTime
+ , getDefaultReferenceDocx
+ , getDefaultReferenceODT
+ , newStdGen
+ , newUnique
+ , newUUID
+ , readFileStrict
+ , readFileLazy
+ , readFileUTF8
+ , readDataFile
+ , fetchItem
+ , fetchItem'
+ , warn
+ , fail
+ , newIORef
+ , modifyIORef
+ , readIORef
+ , namesMatching
+ ) where
+
+import Prelude hiding (readFile, fail)
+import qualified Control.Monad as M (fail)
+import System.Random (StdGen)
+import qualified System.Random as IO (newStdGen)
+import Codec.Archive.Zip (Archive)
+import Data.Unique (Unique)
+import qualified Data.Unique as IO (newUnique)
+import qualified Text.Pandoc.Shared as IO ( fetchItem
+ , fetchItem'
+ , getDefaultReferenceDocx
+ , getDefaultReferenceODT
+ , warn
+ , readDataFile)
+import Text.Pandoc.MediaBag (MediaBag)
+import Data.Time.Clock.POSIX (POSIXTime)
+import qualified Data.Time.Clock.POSIX as IO (getPOSIXTime)
+import Text.Pandoc.Compat.Time (UTCTime)
+import qualified Text.Pandoc.Compat.Time as IO (getCurrentTime)
+import Text.Pandoc.MIME (MimeType)
+import qualified Data.ByteString as B
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as BL
+import Control.Monad.Free
+import qualified Control.Exception as E
+import qualified System.Environment as IO (lookupEnv)
+import Data.IORef (IORef)
+import qualified Data.IORef as IO (newIORef, modifyIORef, readIORef)
+import Text.Pandoc.UUID (UUID)
+import qualified Text.Pandoc.UUID as IO (getRandomUUID)
+import qualified Text.Pandoc.UTF8 as UTF8 (readFile)
+import qualified System.FilePath.Glob as IO (namesMatching)
+
+data PandocActionF ref nxt =
+ LookupEnv String (Maybe String -> nxt)
+ | GetCurrentTime (UTCTime -> nxt)
+ | GetPOSIXTime (POSIXTime -> nxt)
+ | GetDefaultReferenceDocx (Maybe FilePath) (Archive -> nxt)
+ | GetDefaultReferenceODT (Maybe FilePath) (Archive -> nxt)
+ | NewStdGen (StdGen -> nxt)
+ | NewUnique (Unique -> nxt)
+ | NewUUID (UUID -> nxt)
+ | ReadFileStrict FilePath (B.ByteString -> nxt)
+ | ReadFileLazy FilePath (BL.ByteString -> nxt)
+ | ReadFileUTF8 FilePath (String -> nxt)
+ | ReadDataFile (Maybe FilePath) FilePath (B.ByteString -> nxt)
+ | FetchItem (Maybe String) (String)
+ (Either E.SomeException (B.ByteString, Maybe MimeType) -> nxt)
+ | FetchItem' MediaBag (Maybe String) (String)
+ (Either E.SomeException (B.ByteString, Maybe MimeType) -> nxt)
+ | NewIORef ref (IORef ref -> nxt)
+ | ModifyIORef (IORef ref) (ref -> ref) nxt
+ | ReadIORef (IORef ref) (ref -> nxt)
+ | NamesMatching String ([FilePath] -> nxt)
+ | Warn String nxt
+ | Fail String
+ deriving Functor
+
+type PandocAction a = Free (PandocActionF a)
+
+lookupEnv :: String -> PandocAction a (Maybe String)
+lookupEnv s = liftF $ LookupEnv s id
+
+getCurrentTime :: PandocAction a UTCTime
+getCurrentTime = liftF $ GetCurrentTime id
+
+getPOSIXTime :: PandocAction a POSIXTime
+getPOSIXTime = liftF $ GetPOSIXTime id
+
+getDefaultReferenceDocx :: Maybe FilePath -> PandocAction a Archive
+getDefaultReferenceDocx fp = liftF $ GetDefaultReferenceDocx fp id
+
+getDefaultReferenceODT :: Maybe FilePath -> PandocAction a Archive
+getDefaultReferenceODT fp = liftF $ GetDefaultReferenceODT fp id
+
+newStdGen :: PandocAction a StdGen
+newStdGen = liftF $ NewStdGen id
+
+newUnique :: PandocAction a Unique
+newUnique = liftF $ NewUnique id
+
+newUUID :: PandocAction a UUID
+newUUID = liftF $ NewUUID id
+
+readFileStrict :: FilePath -> PandocAction a B.ByteString
+readFileStrict fp = liftF $ ReadFileStrict fp id
+
+readFileLazy :: FilePath -> PandocAction a BL.ByteString
+readFileLazy fp = liftF $ ReadFileLazy fp id
+
+readFileUTF8 :: FilePath -> PandocAction a String
+readFileUTF8 fp = liftF $ ReadFileUTF8 fp id
+
+readDataFile :: Maybe FilePath -> FilePath -> PandocAction a B.ByteString
+readDataFile mfp fp = liftF $ ReadDataFile mfp fp id
+
+fetchItem :: Maybe String ->
+ String ->
+ PandocAction a (Either E.SomeException (B.ByteString, Maybe MimeType))
+fetchItem ms s = liftF $ FetchItem ms s id
+
+
+fetchItem' :: MediaBag ->
+ Maybe String ->
+ String ->
+ PandocAction a (Either E.SomeException (B.ByteString, Maybe MimeType))
+fetchItem' mb ms s = liftF $ FetchItem' mb ms s id
+
+warn :: String -> PandocAction a ()
+warn s = liftF $ Warn s ()
+
+fail :: String -> PandocAction a b
+fail s = liftF $ Fail s
+
+newIORef :: a -> PandocAction a (IORef a)
+newIORef v = liftF $ NewIORef v id
+
+modifyIORef :: (IORef a) -> (a -> a) -> PandocAction a ()
+modifyIORef ref f = liftF $ ModifyIORef ref f ()
+
+readIORef :: (IORef a) -> PandocAction a a
+readIORef ref = liftF $ ReadIORef ref id
+
+namesMatching :: String -> PandocAction a [FilePath]
+namesMatching s = liftF $ NamesMatching s id
+
+runIO :: PandocAction ref nxt -> IO nxt
+runIO (Free (LookupEnv s f)) = IO.lookupEnv s >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (GetCurrentTime f)) = IO.getCurrentTime >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (GetPOSIXTime f)) = IO.getPOSIXTime >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (GetDefaultReferenceDocx mfp f)) =
+ IO.getDefaultReferenceDocx mfp >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (GetDefaultReferenceODT mfp f)) =
+ IO.getDefaultReferenceODT mfp >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (NewStdGen f)) = IO.newStdGen >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (NewUnique f)) = IO.newUnique >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (NewUUID f)) = IO.getRandomUUID >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (ReadFileStrict fp f)) = B.readFile fp >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (ReadFileLazy fp f)) = BL.readFile fp >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (ReadFileUTF8 fp f)) = UTF8.readFile fp >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (ReadDataFile mfp fp f)) = IO.readDataFile mfp fp >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (Fail s)) = M.fail s
+runIO (Free (FetchItem sourceUrl nm f)) =
+ IO.fetchItem sourceUrl nm >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (FetchItem' media sourceUrl nm f)) =
+ IO.fetchItem' media sourceUrl nm >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (Warn s nxt)) = IO.warn s >> runIO nxt
+runIO (Free (NewIORef v f)) = IO.newIORef v >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (ModifyIORef ref f nxt)) = IO.modifyIORef ref f >> runIO nxt
+runIO (Free (ReadIORef ref f)) = IO.readIORef ref >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Free (NamesMatching s f)) = IO.namesMatching s >>= runIO . f
+runIO (Pure r) = return r