/* The following rule keeps the layout stuff out of print. Remove at your own risk! */
.layout, .layout * {display: none !important;}
</style>
<scripttype="text/javascript">
// S5 v1.1 slides.js -- released into the Public Domain
//
// Please see http://www.meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/credits.html for information
// about all the wonderful and talented contributors to this code!
var undef;var slideCSS='';var snum=0;var smax=1;var incpos=0;var number=undef;var s5mode=true;var defaultView='slideshow';var controlVis='visible';var isIE=navigator.appName=='Microsoft Internet Explorer'&&navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Opera')<1?1:0;var isOp=navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Opera')>-1?1:0;var isGe=navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Gecko')>-1&&navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Safari')<1?1:0;function hasClass(object,className){if(!object.className)return false;return(object.className.search('(^|\\s)'+className+'(\\s|$)')!=-1);}
function hasValue(object,value){if(!object)return false;return(object.search('(^|\\s)'+value+'(\\s|$)')!=-1);}
function removeClass(object,className){if(!object)return;object.className=object.className.replace(new RegExp('(^|\\s)'+className+'(\\s|$)'),RegExp.$1+RegExp.$2);}
function addClass(object,className){if(!object||hasClass(object,className))return;if(object.className){object.className+=' '+className;}else{object.className=className;}}
function GetElementsWithClassName(elementName,className){var allElements=document.getElementsByTagName(elementName);var elemColl=new Array();for(var i=0;i<allElements.length;i++){if(hasClass(allElements[i],className)){elemColl[elemColl.length]=allElements[i];}}
return elemColl;}
function isParentOrSelf(element,id){if(element==null||element.nodeName=='BODY')return false;else if(element.id==id)return true;else return isParentOrSelf(element.parentNode,id);}
function nodeValue(node){var result="";if(node.nodeType==1){var children=node.childNodes;for(var i=0;i<children.length;++i){result+=nodeValue(children[i]);}}
else if(node.nodeType==3){result=node.nodeValue;}
return(result);}
function slideLabel(){var slideColl=GetElementsWithClassName('*','slide');var list=document.getElementById('jumplist');smax=slideColl.length;for(var n=0;n<smax;n++){varobj=slideColl[n];vardid='slide'+n.toString();obj.setAttribute('id',did);if(isOp)continue;varotext='';varmenu=obj.firstChild;if(!menu)continue;while(menu&&menu.nodeType==3){menu=menu.nextSibling;}
function goTo(target){if(target>=smax||target==snum)return;go(target-snum);}
function subgo(step){if(step>0){removeClass(incrementals[snum][incpos-1],'current');removeClass(incrementals[snum][incpos],'incremental');addClass(incrementals[snum][incpos],'current');incpos++;}else{incpos--;removeClass(incrementals[snum][incpos],'current');addClass(incrementals[snum][incpos],'incremental');addClass(incrementals[snum][incpos-1],'current');}}
function toggle(){var slideColl=GetElementsWithClassName('*','slide');var slides=document.getElementById('slideProj');var outline=document.getElementById('outlineStyle');if(!slides.disabled){slides.disabled=true;outline.disabled=false;s5mode=false;fontSize('1em');for(var n=0;n<smax;n++){varslide=slideColl[n];slide.style.visibility='visible';}}else{slides.disabled=false;outline.disabled=true;s5mode=true;fontScale();for(varn=0;n<smax;n++){varslide=slideColl[n];slide.style.visibility='hidden';}
slideColl[snum].style.visibility='visible';}}
function showHide(action){var obj=GetElementsWithClassName('*','hideme')[0];switch(action){case's':obj.style.visibility='visible';break;case'h':obj.style.visibility='hidden';break;case'k':if(obj.style.visibility!='visible'){obj.style.visibility='visible';}else{obj.style.visibility='hidden';}
break;}}
function keys(key){if(!key){key=event;key.which=key.keyCode;}
function clicker(e){number=undef;var target;if(window.event){target=window.event.srcElement;e=window.event;}else target=e.target;if(target.getAttribute('href')!=null||hasValue(target.rel,'external')||isParentOrSelf(target,'controls')||isParentOrSelf(target,'embed')||isParentOrSelf(target,'object'))return true;if(!e.which||e.which==1){if(!incrementals[snum]||incpos>=incrementals[snum].length){go(1);}else{subgo(1);}}}
function findSlide(hash){var target=null;var slides=GetElementsWithClassName('*','slide');for(var i=0;i<slides.length;i++){vartargetSlide=slides[i];if((targetSlide.name&&targetSlide.name==hash)||(targetSlide.id&&targetSlide.id==hash)){target=targetSlide;break;}}
function slideJump(){if(window.location.hash==null)return;var sregex=/^#slide(\d+)$/;var matches=sregex.exec(window.location.hash);var dest=null;if(matches!=null){dest=parseInt(matches[1]);}else{dest=findSlide(window.location.hash.slice(1));}
if(dest!=null)
go(dest-snum);}
function fixLinks(){var thisUri=window.location.href;thisUri=thisUri.slice(0,thisUri.length-window.location.hash.length);var aelements=document.getElementsByTagName('A');for(var i=0;i<aelements.length;i++){vara=aelements[i].href;varslideID=a.match('\#slide[0-9]{1,2}');if((slideID)&&(slideID[0].slice(0,1)=='#')){vardest=findSlide(slideID[0].slice(1));if(dest!=null){if(aelements[i].addEventListener){aelements[i].addEventListener("click",newFunction("e","if(document.getElementById('slideProj').disabled)return;"+"go("+dest+"-snum);"+"if(e.preventDefault)e.preventDefault();"),true);}elseif(aelements[i].attachEvent){aelements[i].attachEvent("onclick",newFunction("","if(document.getElementById('slideProj').disabled)return;"+"go("+dest+"-snum);"+"event.returnValue =false;"));}}}}}
function externalLinks(){if(!document.getElementsByTagName)return;var anchors=document.getElementsByTagName('a');for(var i=0;i<anchors.length;i++){varanchor=anchors[i];if(anchor.getAttribute('href')&&hasValue(anchor.rel,'external')){anchor.target='_blank';addClass(anchor,'external');}}}
function createControls(){var controlsDiv=document.getElementById("controls");if(!controlsDiv)return;var hider=' onmouseover="showHide(\'s\');" onmouseout="showHide(\'h\');"';var hideDiv,hideList='';if(controlVis=='hidden'){hideDiv=hider;}else{hideList=hider;}
var newSize=Math.min(Math.round(vSize/vScale),Math.round(hSize/hScale));fontSize(newSize+'px');if(isGe){var obj=document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0];obj.style.display='none';obj.style.display='block';}}
function fontSize(value){if(!(s5ss=document.getElementById('s5ss'))){if(!isIE){document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s5ss=document.createElement('style'));s5ss.setAttribute('media','screen, projection');s5ss.setAttribute('id','s5ss');}else{document.createStyleSheet();document.s5ss=document.styleSheets[document.styleSheets.length-1];}}
function notOperaFix(){slideCSS=document.getElementById('slideProj').href;var slides=document.getElementById('slideProj');var outline=document.getElementById('outlineStyle');slides.setAttribute('media','screen');outline.disabled=true;if(isGe){slides.setAttribute('href','null');slides.setAttribute('href',slideCSS);}
function createIncrementals(){var incrementals=new Array();for(var i=0;i<smax;i++){incrementals[i]=getIncrementals(document.getElementById('slide'+i));}
return incrementals;}
function defaultCheck(){var allMetas=document.getElementsByTagName('meta');for(var i=0;i<allMetas.length;i++){if(allMetas[i].name=='defaultView'){defaultView=allMetas[i].content;}
LaTeXMathML.js from http://math.etsu.edu/LaTeXMathML/
Adapted by Jeff Knisely and Douglas Woodall from ASCIIMathML.js v. 1.4.7,
(c) 2005 Peter Jipsen http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License (at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html)
for more details.
*/
var checkForMathML=true;var notifyIfNoMathML=true;var alertIfNoMathML=false;var mathcolor="";var mathfontfamily="";var showasciiformulaonhover=true;var isIE=document.createElementNS==null;if(document.getElementById==null)
alert("This webpage requires a recent browser such as \nMozilla/Netscape 7+ or Internet Explorer 6+MathPlayer")
function AMcreateElementXHTML(t){if(isIE)return document.createElement(t);else return document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml",t);}
function AMnoMathMLNote(){var nd=AMcreateElementXHTML("h3");nd.setAttribute("align","center")
nd.appendChild(AMcreateElementXHTML("p"));nd.appendChild(document.createTextNode("To view the "));var an=AMcreateElementXHTML("a");an.appendChild(document.createTextNode("LaTeXMathML"));an.setAttribute("href","http://www.maths.nott.ac.uk/personal/drw/lm.html");nd.appendChild(an);nd.appendChild(document.createTextNode(" notation use Internet Explorer 6+"));an=AMcreateElementXHTML("a");an.appendChild(document.createTextNode("MathPlayer"));an.setAttribute("href","http://www.dessci.com/en/products/mathplayer/download.htm");nd.appendChild(an);nd.appendChild(document.createTextNode(" or Netscape/Mozilla/Firefox"));nd.appendChild(AMcreateElementXHTML("p"));return nd;}
function AMisMathMLavailable(){if(navigator.appName.slice(0,8)=="Netscape")
var AMcal=[0xEF35,0x212C,0xEF36,0xEF37,0x2130,0x2131,0xEF38,0x210B,0x2110,0xEF39,0xEF3A,0x2112,0x2133,0xEF3B,0xEF3C,0xEF3D,0xEF3E,0x211B,0xEF3F,0xEF40,0xEF41,0xEF42,0xEF43,0xEF44,0xEF45,0xEF46];var AMfrk=[0xEF5D,0xEF5E,0x212D,0xEF5F,0xEF60,0xEF61,0xEF62,0x210C,0x2111,0xEF63,0xEF64,0xEF65,0xEF66,0xEF67,0xEF68,0xEF69,0xEF6A,0x211C,0xEF6B,0xEF6C,0xEF6D,0xEF6E,0xEF6F,0xEF70,0xEF71,0x2128];var AMbbb=[0xEF8C,0xEF8D,0x2102,0xEF8E,0xEF8F,0xEF90,0xEF91,0x210D,0xEF92,0xEF93,0xEF94,0xEF95,0xEF96,0x2115,0xEF97,0x2119,0x211A,0x211D,0xEF98,0xEF99,0xEF9A,0xEF9B,0xEF9C,0xEF9D,0xEF9E,0x2124];var CONST=0,UNARY=1,BINARY=2,INFIX=3,LEFTBRACKET=4,RIGHTBRACKET=5,SPACE=6,UNDEROVER=7,DEFINITION=8,TEXT=9,BIG=10,LONG=11,STRETCHY=12,MATRIX=13;var AMsqrt={input:"\\sqrt",tag:"msqrt",output:"sqrt",ttype:UNARY},AMroot={input:"\\root",tag:"mroot",output:"root",ttype:BINARY},AMfrac={input:"\\frac",tag:"mfrac",output:"/",ttype:BINARY},AMover={input:"\\stackrel",tag:"mover",output:"stackrel",ttype:BINARY},AMatop={input:"\\atop",tag:"mfrac",output:"",ttype:INFIX},AMchoose={input:"\\choose",tag:"mfrac",output:"",ttype:INFIX},AMsub={input:"_",tag:"msub",output:"_",ttype:INFIX},AMsup={input:"^",tag:"msup",output:"^",ttype:INFIX},AMtext={input:"\\mathrm",tag:"mtext",output:"text",ttype:TEXT},AMmbox={input:"\\mbox",tag:"mtext",output:"mbox",ttype:TEXT};var AMsymbols=[{input:"\\alpha",tag:"mi",output:"\u03B1",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\beta",tag:"mi",output:"\u03B2",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\gamma",tag:"mi",output:"\u03B3",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\delta",tag:"mi",output:"\u03B4",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\epsilon",tag:"mi",output:"\u03B5",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\varepsilon",tag:"mi",output:"\u025B",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\zeta",tag:"mi",output:"\u03B6",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\eta",tag:"mi",output:"\u03B7",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\theta",tag:"mi",output:"\u03B8",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\vartheta",tag:"mi",output:"\u03D1",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\iota",tag:"mi",output:"\u03B9",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\kappa",tag:"mi",output:"\u03BA",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\lambda",tag:"mi",output:"\u03BB",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\mu",tag:"mi",output:"\u03BC",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\nu",tag:"mi",output:"\u03BD",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\xi",tag:"mi",output:"\u03BE",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\pi",tag:"mi",output:"\u03C0",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\varpi",tag:"mi",output:"\u03D6",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\rho",tag:"mi",output:"\u03C1",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\varrho",tag:"mi",output:"\u03F1",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\varsigma",tag:"mi",output:"\u03C2",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\sigma",tag:"mi",output:"\u03C3",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\tau",tag:"mi",output:"\u03C4",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\upsilon",tag:"mi",output:"\u03C5",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\phi",tag:"mi",output:"\u03C6",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\varphi",tag:"mi",output:"\u03D5",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\chi",tag:"mi",output:"\u03C7",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\psi",tag:"mi",output:"\u03C8",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\omega",tag:"mi",output:"\u03C9",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\Gamma",tag:"mo",output:"\u0393",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\Delta",tag:"mo",output:"\u0394",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\Theta",tag:"mo",output:"\u0398",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\Lambda",tag:"mo",output:"\u039B",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\Xi",tag:"mo",output:"\u039E",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\Pi",tag:"mo",output:"\u03A0",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\Sigma",tag:"mo",output:"\u03A3",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\Upsilon",tag:"mo",output:"\u03A5",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\Phi",tag:"mo",output:"\u03A6",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\Psi",tag:"mo",output:"\u03A8",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\Omega",tag:"mo",output:"\u03A9",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\frac12",tag:"mo",output:"\u00BD",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\frac14",tag:"mo",output:"\u00BC",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\frac34",tag:"mo",output:"\u00BE",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\frac13",tag:"mo",output:"\u2153",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\frac23",tag:"mo",output:"\u2154",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\frac15",tag:"mo",output:"\u2155",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\frac25",tag:"mo",output:"\u2156",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\frac35",tag:"mo",output:"\u2157",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\frac45",tag:"mo",output:"\u2158",ttype:CONST},{input:"\\frac16",tag:"mo",output:"\u2159",ttype:CONST},{
else return-1;}
var AMnames=[];function AMinitSymbols(){AMsymbols.sort(compareNames);for(i=0;i<AMsymbols.length;i++)AMnames[i]=AMsymbols[i].input;}
var AMmathml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML";function AMcreateElementMathML(t){if(isIE)return document.createElement("m:"+t);else return document.createElementNS(AMmathml,t);}
function AMcreateMmlNode(t,frag){if(isIE)var node=document.createElement("m:"+t);else var node=document.createElementNS(AMmathml,t);node.appendChild(frag);return node;}
function newcommand(oldstr,newstr){AMsymbols=AMsymbols.concat([{input:oldstr,tag:"mo",output:newstr,ttype:DEFINITION}]);}
function AMremoveCharsAndBlanks(str,n){var st;st=str.slice(n);for(var i=0;i<st.length&&st.charCodeAt(i)<=32;i=i+1);returnst.slice(i);}
function AMposition(arr,str,n){if(n==0){var h,m;n=-1;h=arr.length;while(n+1<h){m=(n+h)>>1;if(arr[m]<str)n=m;elseh=m;}
var AMpreviousSymbol,AMcurrentSymbol;function AMparseSexpr(str){var symbol,node,result,result2,i,st,newFrag=document.createDocumentFragment();str=AMremoveCharsAndBlanks(str,0);symbol=AMgetSymbol(str);if(symbol==null||symbol.ttype==RIGHTBRACKET)
node.setAttribute("columnspacing","0.167em");node.setAttribute("columnalign","right center left");node.setAttribute("displaystyle","true");node=AMcreateMmlNode("mrow",node);return[node,result[1],null];}
case TEXT:if(str.charAt(0)=="{")i=str.indexOf("}");else i=0;if(i==-1)
case BINARY:result=AMparseSexpr(str);if(result[0]==null)return[AMcreateMmlNode("mo",document.createTextNode(symbol.input)),str,null];result2=AMparseSexpr(result[1]);if(result2[0]==null)return[AMcreateMmlNode("mo",document.createTextNode(symbol.input)),str,null];if(symbol.input=="\\textcolor"||symbol.input=="\\colorbox"){var tclr=str.match(/\{\s*([#\w]+)\s*\}/);str=str.replace(/\{\s*[#\w]+\s*\}/,"");if(tclr!=null){if(IsColorName.test(tclr[1].toLowerCase())){tclr=LaTeXColor[tclr[1].toLowerCase()];}else{tclr=tclr[1];}
function AMparseIexpr(str){var symbol,sym1,sym2,node,result,tag,underover;str=AMremoveCharsAndBlanks(str,0);sym1=AMgetSymbol(str);result=AMparseSexpr(str);node=result[0];str=result[1];tag=result[2];symbol=AMgetSymbol(str);if(symbol.ttype==INFIX){str=AMremoveCharsAndBlanks(str,symbol.input.length);result=AMparseSexpr(str);if(result[0]==null)
function AMparseExpr(str,rightbracket,matrix){var symbol,node,result,i,tag,newFrag=document.createDocumentFragment();do{str=AMremoveCharsAndBlanks(str,0);result=AMparseIexpr(str);node=result[0];str=result[1];tag=result[2];symbol=AMgetSymbol(str);if(node!=undefined){if((tag=="mn"||tag=="mi")&&symbol!=null&&typeof symbol.func=="boolean"&&symbol.func){var space=AMcreateElementMathML("mspace");space.setAttribute("width","0.167em");node=AMcreateMmlNode("mrow",node);node.appendChild(space);}
var row,frag,n,k,table=document.createDocumentFragment();for(i=0;i<m;i=i+2){row=document.createDocumentFragment();frag=document.createDocumentFragment();node=newFrag.firstChild;n=node.childNodes.length;k=0;for(j=0;j<n;j++){if(typeofpos[i][k]!="undefined"&&j==pos[i][k]){node.removeChild(node.firstChild);row.appendChild(AMcreateMmlNode("mtd",frag));k++;}elsefrag.appendChild(node.firstChild);}
function AMparseMath(str){var result,node=AMcreateElementMathML("mstyle");var cclr=str.match(/\\color\s*\{\s*([#\w]+)\s*\}/);str=str.replace(/\\color\s*\{\s*[#\w]+\s*\}/g,"");if(cclr!=null){if(IsColorName.test(cclr[1].toLowerCase())){cclr=LaTeXColor[cclr[1].toLowerCase()];}else{cclr=cclr[1];}
function AMstrarr2docFrag(arr,linebreaks){var newFrag=document.createDocumentFragment();var expr=false;for(var i=0;i<arr.length;i++){if(expr)newFrag.appendChild(AMparseMath(arr[i]));else{vararri=(linebreaks?arr[i].split("\n\n"):[arr[i]]);newFrag.appendChild(AMcreateElementXHTML("span").appendChild(document.createTextNode(arri[0])));for(varj=1;j<arri.length;j++){newFrag.appendChild(AMcreateElementXHTML("p"));newFrag.appendChild(AMcreateElementXHTML("span").appendChild(document.createTextNode(arri[j])));}}
expr=!expr;}
return newFrag;}
function AMprocessNodeR(n,linebreaks){var mtch,str,arr,frg,i;if(n.childNodes.length==0){if((n.nodeType!=8||linebreaks)&&n.parentNode.nodeName!="form"&&n.parentNode.nodeName!="FORM"&&n.parentNode.nodeName!="textarea"&&n.parentNode.nodeName!="TEXTAREA"&&n.parentNode.nodeName!="pre"&&n.parentNode.nodeName!="PRE"){str=n.nodeValue;if(!(str==null)){str=str.replace(/\r\n\r\n/g,"\n\n");str=str.replace(/\x20+/g," ");str=str.replace(/\s*\r\n/g," ");mtch=(str.indexOf("\$")==-1?false:true);str=str.replace(/([^\\])\$/g,"$1 \$");str=str.replace(/^\$/," \$");arr=str.split(" \$");for(i=0;i<arr.length;i++)
alert("To view the ASCIIMathML notation use Internet Explorer 6 +\nMathPlayer (free from www.dessci.com)\nor Firefox/Mozilla/Netscape");else AMbody.insertBefore(nd,AMbody.childNodes[0]);}
if(isIE&&str.match(/%/g)!=null&&IEcommentWarning){alert("Comments may not have parsed properly. Try putting in <preclass='LaTeX><div>..</div></pre> structure.");IEcommentWarning=false;}
var CatToNextEven="";var strtmp=str[i].split("\\[");for(var j=0;j<strtmp.length;j++){if(j%2){varstrtmparray=strtmp[j].split("\\]");switch(strtmparray[0]){case"section":varnodeTmp=document.createElement("H2");nodeTmp.className='section';sectionCntr++;for(vardivinLaTeXCounter){LaTeXCounter[div]=0};varnodeAnchor=document.createElement("a");if(inAppendix){nodeAnchor.className='appendixsection';}else{nodeAnchor.className='section';}
var FIGtr2=document.createElement("tr");var FIGtd2=document.createElement("td");FIGtd2.className="caption";var FIGanchor=document.createElement("a");FIGanchor.className="figure";if(FIGlbl!=null){FIGanchor.id=FIGlbl[1];}
var AllDivs=TheBody.getElementsByTagName("div");var DIV2LI=null;for(var i=0;i<AllDivs.length;i++){if(AllDivs[i].className=="itemize"||AllDivs[i].className=="enumerate"||AllDivs[i].className=="description"){if(AllDivs[i].className=="itemize"){RootNode=document.createElement("UL");}else{RootNode=document.createElement("OL");}
var AllAnchors=TheBody.getElementsByTagName("a");for(var i=0;i<AllAnchors.length;i++){if(AllAnchors[i].className=="ref"||AllAnchors[i].className=="cite"){varlabel=AllAnchors[i].href.match(/\#(\w+)/);if(label!=null){varlabelNode=document.getElementById(label[1]);if(labelNode!=null){varTheSpans=labelNode.getElementsByTagName("SPAN");if(TheSpans!=null){varrefNode=TheSpans[0].cloneNode(true);refNode.style.display="inline"
AMprocessNode(AMbody,false,spanclassAM);}}else{AMbody=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];try{AMbody=LaTeXDivsAndRefs(LaTeXpreProcess(AMbody));}catch(err){alert("Unknown Error: Defaulting to Original LaTeXMathML");}